Central Asia is one of many regions worldwide that face severe water shortages; nevertheless, water pollution in this region exacerbates the existing water stress and increases the risk of regional water conflicts. In this study, we perform an extensive literature review, and the data show that water pollution in Central Asia is closely linked to human activities. Within the Asian Gold Belt, water pollution is influenced mainly by mining, and the predominant pollutants are heavy metals and radionuclides. However, in the irrigated areas along the middle and lower reaches of inland rivers (e.g., the Amu Darya and Syr Darya), water pollution is strongly associated with agriculture. Hence, irrigated areas are characterized by high concentrations of ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphorus. In addition, the salinities of rivers and groundwater in the middle and lower reaches of inland rivers generally increase along the flow path due to high rates of evaporation. Soil salinization and frequent salt dust storms in the Aral Sea basin further increase the pollution of surface water bodies. Ultimately, the pollution of surface water and groundwater poses risks to human health and deteriorates the ecological environment. To prevent further water pollution, joint monitoring of the surface water and groundwater quantity and quality throughout Central Asia must be implemented immediately.

中亚是全球面临严重缺水的众多地区之一。然而，该地区的水污染加剧了现有的水资源压力，并增加了地区水资源冲突的风险。在这项研究中，我们进行了广泛的文献回顾，数据表明中亚的水污染与人类活动密切相关。在亚洲金带内，水污染主要受采矿影响，主要污染物为重金属和放射性核素。然而，在内河中下游的灌溉区（如阿姆河和锡尔河），水污染与农业密切相关。因此，灌溉地区的特点是氨、氮和磷浓度高。此外，内河中下游河流和地下水的盐分由于蒸发率高，沿流道普遍增加。咸海盆地土壤盐渍化和频繁的盐尘暴进一步加剧了地表水体的污染。最终，地表水和地下水的污染对人类健康构成威胁，使生态环境恶化。为了防止进一步的水污染，必须立即对整个中亚地区的地表水和地下水的数量和质量进行联合监测。地表水和地下水的污染对人类健康构成威胁，使生态环境恶化。为了防止进一步的水污染，必须立即对整个中亚地区的地表水和地下水的数量和质量进行联合监测。地表水和地下水的污染对人类健康构成威胁，使生态环境恶化。为了防止进一步的水污染，必须立即对整个中亚地区的地表水和地下水的数量和质量进行联合监测。