Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) have recently received a great amount of attention as an alternative anaerobic treatment process due to their superior capability for sludge retention with high effluent quality. Nevertheless, membrane fouling in AnMBRs has been a major concern. In this study, the surfaces of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes were modified with tannic acid (TA) and Cu(II) at various molar ratios of TA to Cu(II), including 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The hydrophilicity, morphology, chemical structure, elemental composition, and antibacterial properties of the unmodified and modified membranes were analyzed using water contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), SEM-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX), and the clear zone method, respectively. The modified membrane with a TA-to-Cu(II) molar ratio of 1:3 had high hydrophilicity with certain antibacterial properties; therefore, it was selected to be further tested in an AnMBR along with an unmodified membrane. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies of the unmodified membrane and modified membrane were 92.2 ± 3.6% and 91.8 ± 4.0%, respectively. The modified membrane had higher permeability after backwashing with less chemical cleaning (CC) than the unmodified membrane. Surface modification with TA and Cu(II) appeared to reduce irreversible fouling on the membranes.

厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBRs）最近作为一种替代厌氧处理工艺受到了广泛关注，因为它们具有优异的污泥截留能力和高出水质量。然而，AnMBR 中的膜污染一直是一个主要问题。在这项研究中，聚偏二氟乙烯 (PVDF) 超滤膜的表面用单宁酸 (TA) 和 Cu(II) 改性，TA 与 Cu(II) 的摩尔比不同，包括 3:1、2:1、1: 1、1:2 和 1:3。使用水接触角测量、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FT-IR)、SEM-能量色散 X 分析未改性和改性膜的亲水性、形态、化学结构、元素组成和抗菌性能-射线光谱法（SEM-EDX），和净区法，分别。TA与Cu(II)摩尔比为1:3的改性膜具有较高的亲水性和一定的抗菌性能；因此，选择将其与未改性的膜一起在 AnMBR 中进行进一步测试。未改性膜和改性膜的化学需氧量 (COD) 去除效率分别为 92.2±3.6% 和 91.8±4.0%。与未改性的膜相比，改性膜在用更少的化学清洗 (CC) 进行反洗后具有更高的渗透性。用 TA 和 Cu(II) 进行表面改性似乎可以减少膜上的不可逆污染。它被选中与未改性的膜一起在 AnMBR 中进行进一步测试。未改性膜和改性膜的化学需氧量 (COD) 去除效率分别为 92.2±3.6% 和 91.8±4.0%。与未改性的膜相比，改性膜在用更少的化学清洗 (CC) 进行反洗后具有更高的渗透性。用 TA 和 Cu(II) 进行表面改性似乎可以减少膜上的不可逆污染。它被选中与未改性的膜一起在 AnMBR 中进行进一步测试。未改性膜和改性膜的化学需氧量 (COD) 去除效率分别为 92.2±3.6% 和 91.8±4.0%。与未改性膜相比，改性膜在用更少的化学清洗 (CC) 进行反洗后具有更高的渗透性。用 TA 和 Cu(II) 进行表面改性似乎可以减少膜上的不可逆污染。