Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinations improve glycemic control in juvenile-onset Type I diabetes (T1D), an effect driven by restored sugar transport through aerobic glycolysis. In a pilot clinical trial, T1D, but not latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA), exhibited lower blood sugars after multidose BCG. Using a glucose transport assay, monocytes from T1D subjects showed a large stimulation index with BCG exposures; LADA subjects showed minimal BCG-induced sugar responsiveness. Monocytes from T1D, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and non-diabetic controls (NDC) were all responsive in vitro to BCG by augmented sugar utilization. Adults with prior neonatal BCG vaccination show accelerated glucose transport decades later. Finally, in vivo experiments with the NOD mouse (a T1D model) and obese db/db mice (a T2D model) confirm BCG's blood-sugar-lowering and accelerated glucose metabolism with sufficient dosing. Our results suggest that BCG's benefits for glucose metabolism may be broadly applicable to T1D and T2D, but less to LADA.

卡介苗 (BCG) 疫苗接种可改善青少年发病的 I 型糖尿病 (T1D) 的血糖控制，这是一种通过有氧糖酵解恢复糖转运的作用。在一项试点临床试验中，T1D，但不是成人潜伏性自身免疫性糖尿病 (LADA)，在多剂量 BCG 后表现出较低的血糖。使用葡萄糖转运试验，来自 T1D 受试者的单核细胞显示出 BCG 暴露的大刺激指数；LADA 受试者表现出最小的 BCG 诱导的糖反应性。来自 T1D、2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 和非糖尿病对照 (NDC) 的单核细胞都通过增加糖利用在体外对 BCG 有反应。几十年后，先前接种过新生儿 BCG 疫苗的成年人显示出加速的葡萄糖转运。最后，用 NOD 小鼠（T1D 模型）和肥胖 db/db 小鼠（T2D 模型）进行的体内实验证实了 BCG' s 降血糖和加速葡萄糖代谢，剂量充足。我们的结果表明，BCG 对葡萄糖代谢的益处可能广泛适用于 T1D 和 T2D，但不适用于 LADA。