Metallic vanadium has special properties and is widely used in metallurgy, aviation, nuclear industry and other fields. Vanadium is a rare and refractory metal, its high purity metal is difficult to prepare. The current mainstream extraction method is a combined process of aluminothermic reduction of vanadium oxide and electron beam smelting. Based on the properties of vanadium oxide and vanadium chloride, many researchers have also proposed various methods for the reduction of vanadium-containing precursors to prepare crude vanadium including metallothermic reduction, non-metallothermic reduction, electroreduction, and the refining of crude vanadium to produce high-purity vanadium such as molten salt electrorefining, iodide thermal decomposition, and solid state electrotransport. The review has carried out a more comprehensive summary of the various methods involved in the extraction of crude vanadium and the refining of crude vanadium, especially in recent years. The basic principles, development process, technical characteristics, and problems of corresponding methods are discussed in detail. It is expected to provide a reference for researchers and development of new extraction technologies of high-purity metallic vanadium.

金属钒具有特殊性能，广泛应用于冶金、航空、核工业等领域。钒是一种稀有且难熔的金属，其高纯度金属难以制备。目前主流的提取方法是铝热还原氧化钒和电子束熔炼的联合工艺。许多研究人员根据氧化钒和氯化钒的性质，也提出了各种含钒前驱体的还原制备粗钒的方法，包括金属热还原、非金属热还原、电还原和提纯粗钒以生产高纯度钒。 -纯钒，如熔盐电解精炼、碘化物热分解、固态电输。审查对粗钒的提取和粗钒的精炼所涉及的各种方法进行了比较全面的总结，尤其是近年来。详细论述了相应方法的基本原理、发展过程、技术特点及存在的问题。有望为高纯金属钒提取新技术的研究和开发提供参考。