Many materials are strain rate sensitive. It is therefore the purpose of this study to conduct a comparative study of single-particle impact on mild steel with and without strain rate considered using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The Cowper-Symonds material model was used to define the target material. The parameters influencing the strain rate in the material model were determined based on experimental data. We built two types of FE models, which are the FE model of type I with the particle in a lower impact velocity and a smaller size as well as the FE models of type II_i (i=1, 2) with the particles in higher impact velocities and larger sizes. The simulation results show that the craters on the target material without strain rate considered are larger than those with strain rate considered in both FE models, which is because that for the target material with strain rate considered, the yield stress of the target material is increased due to an instantaneous impact of the particle, restraining its further deformation. It is interesting that for the FE models of type II₂, the morphologies of simulation craters with strain rate considered and without strain rate considered are similar to those of experimental craters on the annealed copper and work-hardened copper, respectively. Under an oblique impact angle, an elongated lip is created at the end of the crater without strain rate considered, whereas no such lip is created on the target material with strain rate considered. This work provides a guideline for the investigation of the effect of strain rate on target material during erosion.

许多材料对应变率敏感。因此，本研究的目的是对使用有限元分析 (FEA) 考虑应变率和不考虑应变率的低碳钢进行单粒子影响的比较研究。Cowper-Symonds 材料模型用于定义目标材料。材料模型中影响应变率的参数是根据实验数据确定的。我们建立了两类有限元模型，一类是粒子冲击速度较低、尺寸较小的_I类有限元模型和II类_i ( i)有限元模型。=1, 2) 粒子具有更高的冲击速度和更大的尺寸。仿真结果表明，在两种有限元模型中，不考虑应变率的靶材上的凹坑均大于考虑应变率的凹坑，这是因为考虑应变率的靶材，靶材的屈服应力增加了由于粒子的瞬时冲击，抑制了其进一步变形。有趣的是，对于类型 II ₂的有限元模型，考虑应变率和不考虑应变率的模拟坑的形态分别与退火铜和加工硬化铜上的实验坑的形态相似。在倾斜的冲击角下，在不考虑应变率的情况下，在陨石坑的末端会产生一个细长的唇缘，而在考虑应变率的情况下，在目标材料上不会产生这样的唇缘。这项工作为研究腐蚀过程中应变率对目标材料的影响提供了指导。