Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic triggered a surge in demand for N95 or equivalent respirators that the global supply chain was unable to satisfy. This shortage in critical equipment has inspired research that addresses the immediate problems and has accelerated the development of the next-generation filtration media and respirators. This article provides a brief review of the most recent work with regard to face respirators and filtration media. We discuss filtration efficiency of the widely utilized cloth masks. Next, the sterilization of and reuse of existing N95 respirators to extend the existing stockpile is discussed. To expand near-term supplies, optimization of current manufacturing methods, such as melt-blown processes and electrospinning, has been explored. Future manufacturing methods have been investigated to address long-term supply shortages. Novel materials with antiviral and sterilizable properties with the ability for multiple reuses have been developed and will contribute to the development of the next generation of longer lasting multi-use N95 respirators. Finally, additively manufactured respirators are reviewed, which enable a rapidly deployable source of reusable respirators that can use any filtration fabric. Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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针对 COVID-19 的过滤介质和呼吸器技术的最新发展。


摘要 COVID-19 大流行引发了对 N95 或同等呼吸器的需求激增，但全球供应链无法满足。关键设备的短缺激发了解决眼前问题的研究，并加速了下一代过滤介质和呼吸器的开发。本文简要回顾了有关面部呼吸器和过滤介质的最新工作。我们讨论广泛使用的布口罩的过滤效率。接下来，讨论对现有 N95 呼吸器进行灭菌和重复利用以扩大现有库存。为了扩大近期供应，人们正在探索优化当前的制造方法，例如熔喷工艺和静电纺丝。人们已经对未来的制造方法进行了研究，以解决长期的供应短缺问题。具有抗病毒和可消毒特性且能够多次重复使用的新型材料已经开发出来，并将有助于开发下一代更持久的多用途 N95 呼吸器。最后，对增材制造的呼吸器进行了审查，这使得能够快速部署可使用任何过滤织物的可重复使用呼吸器的来源。图文摘要