This study evaluated the effectiveness of Project PLUS, a 6-session Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral intervention to reduce substance use and improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among PLWH. In a quasi-experimental design, 84 participants from a network of three comprehensive care clinics in New York City received the intervention immediately post-baseline (the Immediate condition) and 90 were assigned to a Waitlist control. Viral load and CD4 data were extracted from electronic medical records (EMR) for a No-Intervention comparison cohort (n = 120). Latent growth curve analyses did not show a consistent pattern of significant between-group differences post-intervention or across time in ART adherence or substance use severity between Immediate and Waitlist participants. Additionally, Immediate intervention participants did not differ significantly from the Waitlist or No-Treatment groups on viral load or CD4 post-intervention or across time. The potential to detect intervention effects may have been limited by the use of a quasi-experimental design, the high quality of standard care at these clinics, or inadequate intervention dose.

Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine) Identifier: NCT02390908; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02390908.

本研究评估了 Project PLUS 的有效性，这是一项为期 6 节的动机访谈和认知行为干预，旨在减少 PLWH 的物质使用并提高抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) 的依从性。在准实验设计中，来自纽约市三个综合护理诊所网络的 84 名参与者在基线后立即接受干预（即刻条件），90 名参与者被分配到候补名单对照组。病毒载量和 CD4 数据是从电子病历 (EMR) 中提取的，用于无干预比较队列 ( n = 120）。潜在增长曲线分析未显示干预后组间显着差异或跨时间在 ART 依从性或药物使用严重程度方面的一致模式。此外，即时干预参与者在病毒载量或 CD4 干预后或跨时间方面与候补名单或无治疗组没有显着差异。检测干预效果的潜力可能受到准实验设计的使用、这些诊所的高质量标准护理或干预剂量不足的限制。

试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov（NIH 美国国家医学图书馆）标识符：NCT02390908；https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02390908。