The online ride-hailing taxi brings new vitality into the traditional taxi market, as well as new issues and challenges. The pricing and profit distribution of online ride-hailing services is one of the major concerns. This study focuses on the pricing and income distribution in the online ride-hailing system. Queuing system model and birth and death process theory are introduced to describe the driver’s flow process in the network. The social welfare maximization model and the platform profit maximization model are constructed based on the dynamic pricing mechanism, from the government’s and platform’s standpoint, respectively. Through numerical experiments, this paper analyzes the income distribution of drivers under different settings and the influence of different factors (average travel time, psychologically expected price of drivers and passengers, and probability of driver leaving the system) on the proportion of income distribution. The results show that the drivers’ income distribution proportion is higher in the pursuit of social welfare maximization than that in the pursuit of platform profit maximization, and in different benefit pursuit models, various factors have a certain influence on the driver’s income distribution proportion. The proposed method and conclusion in this study can be considered as references for online ride-hailing market supervision and policy-making.

中文翻译：

---

模拟司机收入分布对在线叫车服务的影响

网约车出租车给传统出租车市场带来了新的活力，也带来了新的问题和挑战。网约车服务的定价和利润分配是主要关注点之一。本研究侧重于网约车系统中的定价和收入分配。引入排队系统模型和生死过程理论来描述驾驶员在网络中的流动过程。社会福利最大化模型和平台利润最大化模型是基于动态定价机制，分别从政府和平台的角度构建的。本文通过数值实验，分析了不同环境下司机收入分布及不同因素（平均出行时间、司机和乘客的心理预期价格、司机离开系统的概率）对收入分配比例的影响。结果表明，追求社会福利最大化的司机收入分配比例高于追求平台利润最大化的司机收入分配比例，并且在不同的利益追求模式下，各种因素对司机的收入分配比例都有一定的影响。本研究提出的方法和结论可作为网约车市场监管和政策制定的参考。结果表明，追求社会福利最大化的司机收入分配比例高于追求平台利润最大化的司机收入分配比例，并且在不同的利益追求模式下，各种因素对司机的收入分配比例都有一定的影响。本研究提出的方法和结论可作为网约车市场监管和政策制定的参考。结果表明，追求社会福利最大化的司机收入分配比例高于追求平台利润最大化的司机收入分配比例，并且在不同的利益追求模式下，各种因素对司机的收入分配比例都有一定的影响。本研究提出的方法和结论可作为网约车市场监管和政策制定的参考。