Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged worldwide because of their remarkable properties enlarging their field of applications. Functionalization of CNTs is a convenient strategy to tackle low dispersion and solubilization of CNTs in many solvents or polymers. It can be done by covalent or noncovalent surface functionalization that is briefly discussed regarding the current literature. Endohedral and exohedral are conventional methods based on covalent and van der Waals bonding forces that are created through CNT functionalization by various materials. In this paper, a review of new approaches and mechanisms of functionalization of CNTs is proposed, including amidation, fluorination, bromination, chlorination, hydrogenation, and electrophilic addition. Our analysis is supported by several characterization methods highlighting recent improvements hence extending the range of applicability of CNTs.

中文翻译：

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使用传统和新化学方法从合成到功能化 (CNT) 的碳纳米管 (CNT)

碳纳米管（CNT）因其卓越的特性而在世界范围内出现，扩大了其应用领域。碳纳米管的功能化是解决碳纳米管在许多溶剂或聚合物中的低分散性和溶解性问题的便捷策略。它可以通过共价或非共价表面功能化来完成，这在当前文献中进行了简要讨论。内嵌和外嵌是基于共价键和范德华键力的常规方法，这些键合力是通过各种材料的 CNT 功能化产生的。本文综述了碳纳米管功能化的新方法和机制，包括酰胺化、氟化、溴化、氯化、氢化和亲电加成。