Cell delivery through spray instruments is a promising and effective method in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It is used for treating different acute and chronic wounds, including burns with different etiologies, chronic diabetic or venous wounds, postcancer surgery, and hypopigmentation disorders. Cell spray can decrease the needed donor site area compared with conventional autologous skin grafting. Keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and mesenchymal stem cells are promising cell sources for cell spray procedures. Different spray instruments are designed and utilized to deliver the cells to the intended skin area. In an efficient spray instrument, cell viability and wound coverage are two determining parameters influenced by various physical and biological factors such as air pressure, spraying distance, viscosity of suspension, stiffness of the wound surface, and velocity of impact. Besides, to improve cell delivery by spray instruments, some matrices and growth factors can be added to cell suspensions. This review focuses on the different types of cells and spray instruments used in cell delivery procedures. It also discusses physical and biological parameters associated with cell viability and wound coverage in spray instruments. Moreover, the recent advances in codelivery of cells with biological glues and growth factors, as well as clinical translation of cell spraying, have been reviewed.

中文翻译：

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当前将基于喷雾的细胞递送至皮肤伤口的挑战

通过喷雾仪器进行细胞递送是组织工程和再生医学中一种有前途且有效的方法。它用于治疗不同的急性和慢性伤口，包括不同病因的烧伤、慢性糖尿病或静脉伤口、癌后手术和色素减退症。与传统的自体皮肤移植相比，细胞喷雾可以减少所需的供体部位面积。角质形成细胞、成纤维细胞、黑色素细胞和间充质干细胞是用于细胞喷雾程序的有前途的细胞来源。不同的喷雾仪器被设计和使用以将细胞输送到预期的皮肤区域。在高效的喷雾仪器中，细胞活力和伤口覆盖率是受各种物理和生物因素影响的两个决定性参数，例如气压、喷雾距离、悬浮液的粘度、伤口表面的硬度和冲击速度。此外，为了改善喷雾仪器的细胞输送，可以将一些基质和生长因子添加到细胞悬液中。本综述侧重于细胞递送程序中使用的不同类型的细胞和喷雾仪器。它还讨论了与喷雾仪器中的细胞活力和伤口覆盖率相关的物理和生物参数。此外，最近在细胞与生物胶和生长因子的协同传递方面的进展，以及细胞喷洒的临床转化，也已进行了综述。本综述侧重于细胞递送程序中使用的不同类型的细胞和喷雾仪器。它还讨论了与喷雾仪器中的细胞活力和伤口覆盖率相关的物理和生物参数。此外，最近在细胞与生物胶和生长因子的协同传递方面的进展，以及细胞喷洒的临床转化，也已进行了综述。本综述侧重于细胞递送程序中使用的不同类型的细胞和喷雾仪器。它还讨论了与喷雾仪器中的细胞活力和伤口覆盖率相关的物理和生物参数。此外，最近在细胞与生物胶和生长因子的协同传递方面的进展，以及细胞喷洒的临床转化，也已进行了综述。