Ebselen is a well-known synthetic compound mimicking glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which catalyses some vital reactions that protect against oxidative damage. Based on a large number of in vivo and in vitro studies, various mechanisms have been proposed to explain its actions on multiple targets. It targets thiol-related compounds, including cysteine, glutathione, and thiol proteins (e.g., thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase). Owing to this, ebselen is a unique multifunctional agent with important effects on inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell differentiation, immune regulation and neurodegenerative disease, with anti-microbial, detoxifying and anti-tumour activity. This review summarises the current understanding of the multiple biological processes and molecules targeted by ebselen, and its pharmacological applications.

中文翻译：

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依布硒啉，一种多靶点化合物：它对生物过程和疾病的影响

依布硒啉是一种众所周知的模拟谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx) 的合成化合物，可催化一些重要的反应，防止氧化损伤。基于大量的体内和体外研究中，已经提出了各种机制来解释其对多个目标的作用。它靶向硫醇相关化合物，包括半胱氨酸、谷胱甘肽和硫醇蛋白（例如，硫氧还蛋白和硫氧还蛋白还原酶）。因此，依布硒啉是一种独特的多功能药物，对炎症、细胞凋亡、氧化应激、细胞分化、免疫调节和神经退行性疾病具有重要作用，具有抗菌、解毒和抗肿瘤活性。本综述总结了目前对依布硒啉靶向的多种生物过程和分子及其药理学应用的认识。