Agriculture is one of the major farming activities, representing 32% of the gross domestic product of Madagascar and 74.3% of the population is involved in this activity. Fruit flies of the Tephritidae family are considered as the most destructive pests for agriculture in the country, nevertheless, few data exist on host plants and distribution of those pests. In the present study, we address those questions by conducting a large survey between November 2016 and July 2018 across the six agroecological regions of Madagascar. Fruit and vegetable were sampled from 198 plant species (wild and cultivated) and represented 37,965 fruits from all regions of Madagascar. The infestation index ranged from 0.06 to 538.46 pupae/kg, the infestation percentage was up to 54.84% in some samples, 63 plant species were considered as host of Tephritidae. Twelve fruit fly species were identified, seven of which were previously described as endemic, five species could be considered as widespread (altitudinal gradients between 1 and 1634 m asl) and major pests in Madagascar: Ceratitis malgassa (23 plant species from 12 families), Neoceratitis cyanescens (16 plant species from one family), Bactrocera dorsalis (18 plant species from 12 families), Dacus demmerezi (ten plant species from one family), Dacus vertebratus (six species from one family). Those results are of importance for implementation of control measures.

农业是主要的农业活动之一，占马达加斯加国内生产总值的 32%，有 74.3% 的人口参与其中。实蝇科果蝇被认为是该国最具破坏性的农业害虫，然而，关于寄主植物和这些害虫分布的数据很少。在本研究中，我们通过在 2016 年 11 月至 2018 年 7 月期间对马达加斯加的六个农业生态区进行大型调查来解决这些问题。水果和蔬菜从 198 种植物（野生和栽培）中取样，代表来自马达加斯加所有地区的 37,965 种水果。侵染指数为0.06～538.46蛹/kg，部分样本侵染率高达54.84%，63种植物被认为是实蝇科的宿主。Ceratitis malgassa（12科23种植物），Neoceratitis cyanescens（1科16种植物），Bactrocera dorsalis（12科18种植物），Dacus demmerezi（1科10种植物），Dacus vertebratus（6种来自一个家庭）。这些结果对于实施控制措施很重要。