Aerobic training (AT) has been the primary mode of exercise training in cardiac rehabilitation. Historically, the reason for the prescription of AT was that it was speculated that although RT may be beneficial for some clinical outcomes, it may have an adverse effect on ventricular structure and function. However, RT has now made its way into current cardiac rehabilitation guidelines, including those directed towards patients with HF, albeit differences exist across institutions and guidelines. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Trials Register on April 30, 2021, was conducted for exercise-based rehabilitation trials in HF. Randomised and controlled trials that reported on resistance training versus usual care or trials that directly compared RT to an AT intervention were included. Resistance training versus controls improves parameters of lower (SMD 0.76 (95%CI 0.26, 1.25, p = 0.003] and upper extremity muscle strength (SMD 0.85 (95%CI 0.35, 1.35), p = 0.0009], both key parameters of physical function throughout the lifespan. Importantly, RT in isolation, versus control, improves VO2peak [MD: 2.64 ml/kg/min (95%CI 1.67, 3.60), p < 0.00001] and 6MWD [MD: 49.94 m (95%CI 34.59, 65.29), p < 0.00001], without any detrimental effect on left ventricular parameters. Resistance training in HF patients is safe and improves parameters of physical function and quality of life. Where people with HF are unable to, or are not inclined to, partake in aerobic activity, RT alone is appropriate to elicit meaningful benefit.

有氧训练（AT）一直是心脏康复运动训练的主要方式。从历史上看，AT 处方的原因是推测尽管 RT 可能对某些临床结果有益，但可能对心室结构和功能产生不利影响。然而，RT 现在已进入当前的心脏康复指南，包括针对 HF 患者的指南，尽管机构和指南之间存在差异。2021 年 4 月 30 日，系统检索了 PubMed、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 试验注册库，以进行基于运动的 HF 康复试验。包括报告阻力训练与常规护理的随机对照试验或直接比较 RT 与 AT 干预的试验。35），p = 0.0009]，这是整个生命周期中物理功能的两个关键参数。重要的是，与对照组相比，单独的 RT 改善了 VO2peak [MD: 2.64 ml/kg/min (95%CI 1.67, 3.60), p < 0.00001] 和 6MWD [MD: 49.94 m (95%CI 34.59, 65.29), p < 0.00001]，对左心室参数没有任何不利影响。HF 患者的抗阻训练是安全的，可以改善身体功能和生活质量的参数。如果 HF 患者不能或不倾向于参加有氧运动，则仅 RT 就可以产生有意义的益处。35），p = 0.0009]，这是整个生命周期中物理功能的两个关键参数。重要的是，与对照组相比，单独的 RT 改善了 VO2peak [MD: 2.64 ml/kg/min (95%CI 1.67, 3.60), p < 0.00001] 和 6MWD [MD: 49.94 m (95%CI 34.59, 65.29), p < 0.00001]，对左心室参数没有任何不利影响。HF 患者的抗阻训练是安全的，可以改善身体功能和生活质量的参数。如果 HF 患者不能或不倾向于参加有氧运动，则仅 RT 就可以产生有意义的益处。对左心室参数没有任何不利影响。HF 患者的抗阻训练是安全的，可以改善身体功能和生活质量的参数。如果 HF 患者不能或不倾向于参加有氧运动，则仅 RT 就可以产生有意义的益处。对左心室参数没有任何不利影响。HF 患者的抗阻训练是安全的，可以改善身体功能和生活质量的参数。如果 HF 患者不能或不倾向于参加有氧运动，则仅 RT 就可以产生有意义的益处。