Abstract

Objective

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant reductions in the administration of routinely recommended vaccines among adolescents in the US including tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap); meningococcal (ACWY); and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines. The extent to which these deficits could persist in 2021 and beyond is unclear. To address this knowledge gap, this study estimated the cumulative deficits of routine vaccine doses among US adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and estimated the time and effort needed to recover from those deficits.

Methods

Monthly reductions in Tdap, meningococcal, and HPV doses administered to US adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic were quantified using MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters data. The time and effort required to reverse the vaccination deficit under various catch-up scenarios were estimated.

Results

Annual doses administered of Tdap, meningococcus, and HPV vaccines decreased by 21.2%, 20.8%, and 24.0%, respectively, in 2020 compared to 2019. For 2021, the reduction in doses administered is projected to be 6%–21% compared to 2019 under different scenarios. The projected deficit of missed doses is expected to be cleared between winter 2023 and fall 2031.

Conclusions

Administration rates of routine vaccines decreased significantly among US adolescents during COVID-19. Reversing these deficits to mitigate long-term health and economic consequences will require a sustained increase in vaccination rates over multiple years.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行对青少年疫苗接种的影响：预计需要时间来扭转美国青少年常规疫苗接种不足的情况

摘要

客观的

COVID-19 大流行导致美国青少年接种常规推荐疫苗的数量显着减少，包括破伤风、白喉和无细胞百日咳 (Tdap)；脑膜炎球菌（ACWY）；和人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 疫苗。这些赤字在 2021 年及以后可能持续的程度尚不清楚。为了解决这一知识差距，本研究估计了 COVID-19 大流行期间美国青少年常规疫苗剂量的累积不足，并估计了从这些不足中恢复所需的时间和精力。

方法

使用 MarketScan 商业索赔和遭遇数据量化了在 COVID-19 大流行期间对美国青少年施用的 Tdap、脑膜炎球菌和 HPV 剂量的每月减少量。估计了在各种追赶情况下扭转疫苗接种不足所需的时间和精力。

结果

与 2019 年相比，2020 年 Tdap、脑膜炎双球菌和 HPV 疫苗的年接种剂量分别减少了 21.2%、20.8% 和 24.0%。与 2019 年相比，预计 2021 年的接种剂量将减少 6%–21%不同情景下的2019年。预计将在 2023 年冬季和 2031 年秋季之间消除漏服剂量的预计不足。

结论

在 COVID-19 期间，美国青少年的常规疫苗接种率显着下降。扭转这些缺陷以减轻长期的健康和经济后果将需要多年持续提高疫苗接种率。