Purpose

Considering that the social-cultural context is important as in which the entrepreneurs are embedded to conceptualise entrepreneurial orientation (EO), the purpose of the study is to explicate the influence of the key decision-makers’ internalised cultural values and perceptions of government regulations, to offer nuanced explanations of micro-level variations in EO of firms embedded in the same institutional context.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a quantitative approach, relationships are explored in a sample of 201 Malaysian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is used for the sample, and an additional test is conducted for a robustness check.

Findings

The study finds that three cultural values of the key decision-maker, namely individualism, masculinity and uncertainty avoidance, exhibit a significant association with the EO of the firms. Further, the analysis reveals that the positive effects of individualism and masculinity are enhanced when moderated by favourable perceptions of government regulations to entrepreneurship.

Research limitations/implications

The study uses a single key informant in data collection, therefore, the possibility of single-respondent bias. The results must be interpreted in light of these limitations.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the existing literature regarding the relationship between institutions and entrepreneurship. Specifically, it articulates a microfoundations lens to explain the influence of institutions in terms of key decision-makers’ internalised cultural values (informal institutions) and their perceptions of government regulations (formal institutions) on the EO of the firm. It further elucidates the need to embrace informal and formal institutions as interdependent factors instead of treating them as standalone constructs in entrepreneurship research and policy design.

中文翻译：

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文化价值观与政府规制对企业创业导向的交互作用

目的

考虑到社会文化背景很重要，因为企业家嵌入其中以概念化企业家导向 (EO)，本研究的目的是阐明关键决策者的内化文化价值观和对政府法规的看法的影响，对嵌入相同制度背景的公司的 EO 的微观变化提供细致入微的解释。

设计/方法/方法

使用定量方法，在 201 家马来西亚中小型企业 (SME) 样本中探索关系。样本使用偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM），并进行了额外的测试以进行稳健性检查。

发现

研究发现，关键决策者的三种文化价值观，即个人主义、阳刚之气和避免不确定性，与公司的 EO 存在显着关联。此外，分析表明，个人主义和阳刚之气的积极影响在受到政府监管对创业的有利看法的缓和时会增强。

研究限制/影响

该研究在数据收集中使用单一关键信息提供者，因此存在单一受访者偏差的可能性。必须根据这些限制来解释结果。

原创性/价值

该研究有助于现有关于制度与创业之间关系的文献。具体来说，它阐明了一个微观基础的视角来解释制度对关键决策者的内化文化价值观（非正式制度）的影响，以及他们对政府法规（正式制度）对公司 EO 的看法。它进一步阐明了将非正式和正式机构视为相互依存的因素的必要性，而不是将它们视为创业研究和政策设计中的独立结构。