Ongoing climate change is considered to be responsible for the intensification and increased frequency of extreme weather events. The Mediterranean basin is not exempted by such modification processes as testified by the recent increase in the number of severe convective storm and mesocyclones. In recent years this kind of events caused many victims and damages in the such area, due to its geomorphological configuration and to the massive urban development of the last decades. Due to their local-scale nature Mediterranean extreme events can hardly be forecast with the use of numerical weather prediction systems and cannot adequately observed by using satellite platforms. These methods are not as straightforward as those based on radar observations because their spatial-temporal resolution is not necessarily adequate to resolve exceptional atmospheric phenomena as a weather radar can indeed offer. This article uses weather radar observations of an exceptional Mediterranean hail-bearing supercell that hit the central-eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea on 10 July 2019 causing flash flood and giant hail. Two operational dual-polarization Doppler C-band radars, managed by the Civil Protection Department of Italy, were able to observe, in an operational framework, the genesis and the evolution of the supercell, allowing for a detailed analysis of the event. Exploiting the unique time-resolved high-resolution three-dimensional available measurements, the combined use of a wind-field retrieval scheme and the interpretation of the dual-polarization radar observed features reveals some unique microphysical processes, rarely documented through radar observations at the Mediterranean latitudes. Results of this work improve the understanding of mechanisms and processes of giant hail formation and it is crucial to improve the nowcasting and forecasting skill for the early detection of hazardous meteorological events.

持续的气候变化被认为是极端天气事件加剧和频率增加的原因。正如最近强对流风暴和中气旋数量的增加所证明的那样，地中海盆地并不能免于这种修改过程。近年来，由于其地貌构造和过去几十年的大规模城市发展，此类事件在该地区造成了许多受害者和破坏。由于地中海极端事件的局部尺度性质，很难使用数值天气预报系统进行预测，也无法使用卫星平台进行充分观测。这些方法不像基于雷达观测的方法那么简单，因为它们的时空分辨率不一定足以解决天气雷达确实可以提供的异常大气现象。本文使用天气雷达观测到的一个特殊的地中海冰雹超级单体，该超级单体于 2019 年 7 月 10 日袭击亚得里亚海中东部海岸，造成山洪暴发和巨大冰雹。由意大利民防部管理的两台运行中的双极化多普勒 C 波段雷达能够在运行框架中观察超级单体的起源和演变，从而对事件进行详细分析。利用独特的时间分辨高分辨率三维可用测量，结合使用风场反演方案和对双极化雷达观测特征的解释揭示了一些独特的微物理过程，很少通过地中海纬度的雷达观测记录。这项工作的结果提高了对大冰雹形成机制和过程的理解，对于提高临近预报和预报技能对危险气象事件的早期检测至关重要。