Phase change fibers (PCFs) as a kind of composite material, the composition and spatial distribution of each phase have a great influence on its thermal and mechanical properties. In this article, PCFs with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as sheath and 30% octadecane kerosene as core were prepared by coaxial electrospinning. It was found that octadecane had the highest supercooling degree when it was encapsulated in PVB. Thus, we used pure octadecane, 30% octadecane of isopropanol, chloroform, and kerosene solutions as core solutions, adjusted the fine structure of octadecane in PVB sheath, and four kinds of PCFs with different octadecane particle size and spacing were prepared. Successfully reduced the supercooling degree of octadecane. To compare the mechanical properties of the four fibers. It was found that the composite fiber obtained by using isopropanol as octadecane solvent had the most comprehensive mechanical performance. To find a universal method to control the distribution structure of phase change materials (PCMs) in fibers by coaxial electrospinning, we used PAN and PVDF as the sheath solution, pure octadecane, 30% octadecane in isopropanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, and kerosene solutions as a core solution to prepare the PCFs. Characterization results and analysis of the properties of solutions showed that only when the viscosity of the core and sheath solution was relatively low, it could obtain the bamboo-like structured fibers. And continuous core-sheath structured fibers could be obtained in two situations. First, the low viscosity of sheath solution and high viscosity of core solution; second, the high viscosity of sheath solution.

相变纤维（PCFs）作为一种复合材料，各相的组成和空间分布对其热力学性能有很大影响。本文采用同轴静电纺丝法制备了以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）和聚丙烯腈（PAN）为鞘，30%十八烷煤油为核的PCFs。发现十八烷包封在PVB中时具有最高的过冷度。因此，我们以纯十八烷、30%十八烷异丙醇、氯仿和煤油溶液为核心溶液，调整PVB鞘中十八烷的精细结构，制备了四种不同十八烷粒径和间距的PCFs。成功降低了十八烷的过冷度。比较四种纤维的力学性能。发现以异丙醇为十八烷溶剂得到的复合纤维具有最综合的力学性能。为了找到一种通过同轴静电纺丝控制纤维中相变材料 (PCM) 分布结构的通用方法，我们使用 PAN 和 PVDF 作为鞘液、纯十八烷、30% 十八烷的异丙醇、氯仿、石油醚和煤油溶液作为制备 PCF 的核心解决方案。表征结果和溶液性质分析表明，只有当芯鞘溶液的粘度较低时，才能获得竹状结构纤维。并且可以在两种情况下获得连续的芯鞘结构纤维。一是鞘液粘度低，芯液粘度高；第二，