Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanometer-scale, spherical vehicles released by Gram-negative bacteria into their surroundings throughout growth. These OMVs have been demonstrated to play key roles in pathogenesis by delivering certain biomolecules to host cells, including toxins and other virulence factors. In addition, this biomolecular delivery function enables OMVs to facilitate intra-bacterial communication processes, such as quorum sensing and horizontal gene transfer. The unique ability of OMVs to deliver large biomolecules across the complex Gram-negative cell envelope has inspired the use of OMVs as antibiotic delivery vehicles to overcome transport limitations. In this review, we describe the advantages, applications, and biotechnological challenges of using OMVs as antibiotic delivery vehicles, studying both natural and engineered antibiotic applications of OMVs. We argue that OMVs hold great promise as antibiotic delivery vehicles, an urgently needed application to combat the growing threat of antibiotic resistance.

细菌外膜囊泡 (OMV) 是革兰氏阴性细菌在整个生长过程中释放到周围环境的纳米级球形载体。这些 OMV 已被证明通过向宿主细胞传递某些生物分子（包括毒素和其他毒力因子）在发病机制中发挥关键作用。此外，这种生物分子传递功能使 OMV 能够促进细菌内的通讯过程，例如群体感应和水平基因转移。 OMV 在复杂的革兰氏阴性细胞包膜上递送大生物分子的独特能力激发了人们使用 OMV 作为抗生素递送工具来克服运输限制。在这篇综述中，我们描述了使用 OMV 作为抗生素递送载体的优势、应用和生物技术挑战，研究了 OMV 的天然和工程抗生素应用。我们认为，OMV 作为抗生素输送工具具有巨大的前景，这是对抗日益严重的抗生素耐药性威胁所迫切需要的应用。