Given their increasing number and the implementation of more energy-intensive treatment methods, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) expect to increase energy consumption. In addition, climate change presents new challenges to the operation of these facilities, thus being critical to understand how to improve their energy performance and environmental sustainability while ensuring the quality of service provided. This paper reviews the latest publications on the energy performance of municipal WWTPs, particularly on the different phases of the treatment process and the impacting factors. The contextual and underlying factors that influence energy performance were identified, categorized, and analyzed through a broad survey. The most significant factors are the plant size, load factor (plant capacity utilization), and dilution factor. The implementation of anaerobic-anoxic-oxic systems is considered suitable in sensitive areas requiring high pollutant and nutrient removal rates, presenting, in some cases, moderate energy consumption (0.267 kWh/m³), being similar to the conventional activated sludge (0.269 kWh/m³). In more stringent effluent quality requirements, such as wastewater reuse, membrane bioreactors are advised, despite higher consumption (0.33 kWh/m³). Energy improvements can also be achieved by implementing automatization, inverters, and strategies that increase flexibility and adaptability in the operational process. Lastly, given the multidimensional characteristics of the WWTPs assessment, further improvements may be identified if the energy performance of these plants is compared using holistic and multi-criteria approaches, integrating multiple inputs and outputs simultaneously.

鉴于其数量不断增加以及更多能源密集型处理方法的实施，污水处理厂 (WWTP) 预计会增加能源消耗。此外，气候变化对这些设施的运营提出了新的挑战，因此对于了解如何在确保提供的服务质量的同时提高能源绩效和环境可持续性至关重要。本文回顾了有关市政污水处理厂能源性能的最新出版物，特别是处理过程的不同阶段和影响因素。通过广泛的调查，确定、分类和分析了影响能源绩效的背景和潜在因素。最重要的因素是工厂规模、负载系数（工厂产能利用率）和稀释系数。³ )，类似于传统的活性污泥 (0.269 kWh/m ³ )。在更严格的出水质量要求中，例如废水回用，建议使用膜生物反应器，尽管消耗量较高（0.33 kWh/m ³）。能源改进也可以通过实施自动化、逆变器和提高运营过程灵活性和适应性的策略来实现。最后，鉴于污水处理厂评估的多维特征，如果使用整体和多标准方法比较这些工厂的能源绩效，同时整合多个输入和输出，则可以确定进一步的改进。