People have better metacognitive sensitivity for decisions about the presence compared to the absence of objects. However, it is not only objects themselves that can be present or absent, but also parts of objects and other visual features. Asymmetries in visual search indicate that a disadvantage for representing absence may operate at these levels as well. Furthermore, a processing advantage for surprising signals suggests that a presence/absence asymmetry may be explained by absence being passively represented as a default state, and presence as a default-violating surprise. It is unknown whether the metacognitive asymmetry for judgments about presence and absence extends to these different levels of representation (object, feature, and default violation). To address this question and test for a link between the representation of absence and default reasoning more generally, here we measure metacognitive sensitivity for discrimination judgments between stimuli that are identical except for the presence or absence of a distinguishing feature, and for stimuli that differ in their compliance with an expected default state.

中文翻译：

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视觉感知中的元认知不对称

与不存在物体相比，人们对存在的决定具有更好的元认知敏感性。然而，不仅可以存在或不存在对象本身，还可以存在对象的一部分和其他视觉特征。视觉搜索中的不对称表明表示缺席的缺点也可能在这些级别上起作用。此外，对令人惊讶的信号的处理优势表明，存在/不存在的不对称可以通过将缺席被动地表示为默认状态和存在作为违反默认的意外来解释。尚不清楚对存在和不存在判断的元认知不对称是否延伸到这些不同的表示级别（对象、特征和默认违规）。