Pakistan is one of the most climate change– and natural disaster–affected country of the world where livelihood and lives of inhabitants are often affected due to these disasters. In the scenario of various disasters and risks, flood disasters are the most recurrent hazards that cause Bait households’ livelihood to be more vulnerable. Hence, this research work has focused to investigate livelihood vulnerability of flood-prone Bait households in southern Punjab of Pakistan. This study used multistage sampling technique for collection of the cross-sectional data of 398 flood disasters vulnerable Bait household’s respondents from three high-risk flood-prone districts Muzaffargarh, Rajanpur, and Rahim Yar Khan. Face-to-face interview procedure and well-developed pre-tested questionnaire were used for data collection in this research work. This study applied vulnerability framework of LVI-IPCC and LVI in the direction of comparing the level of vulnerabilities in preferred three Bait district households. Empirical estimates of LVI major components and framework of IPCC vulnerability have indicated Bait households of Muzaffargarh more vulnerable owing to higher exposure and sensitivity and lower adaptive capacity than other districts. In contrast to other districts, Muzaffargarh households have investigated more vulnerable to flood disasters more particularly in LVI sub-components such as health (0.460), water (0.360), and food (0.515) access. These research findings will be helpful to policymakers to work out and put into practice effectual programs and strategies such as constructing more water reserves, developing overhead infrastructure, easy access of institutional loans, and generating off-farm income sources. These local-based feasible measures will be helpful for native inhabitants to reduce frequency of floods in the direction of lessened vulnerability and increased resilience via recovering generally the livelihood of vulnerable Bait households in Punjab Pakistan and particularly the district Muzaffargarh.

巴基斯坦是世界上受气候变化和自然灾害影响最严重的国家之一，居民的生计和生活经常因这些灾害而受到影响。在各种灾害和风险的情景下，洪涝灾害是最常发生的灾害，导致诱饵户的生计更加脆弱。因此，这项研究工作的重点是调查巴基斯坦旁遮普邦南部易受洪水侵袭的诱饵家庭的生计脆弱性。本研究采用多级抽样技术采集了398个洪涝灾害易损饵料的横断面数据。来自三个高风险洪水易发区 Muzaffargarh、Rajanpur 和 Rahim Yar Khan 的家庭受访者。本研究工作采用面对面访谈程序和完善的预测试问卷进行数据收集。本研究将 LVI-IPCC 和 LVI 的脆弱性框架应用于比较首选的三个Bait区家庭的脆弱性水平。对 LVI 主要组成部分和 IPCC 漏洞框架的经验估计表明Bait与其他地区相比，Muzaffargarh 的家庭更容易受到影响，因为它们的暴露度和敏感性更高，适应能力更低。与其他地区相比，Muzaffargarh 家庭调查了更容易受到洪水灾害的影响，尤其是在 LVI 子组件中，例如健康 (0.460)、水 (0.360) 和食物 (0.515) 获取。这些研究结果将有助于政策制定者制定和实施有效的计划和战略，例如建设更多的水资源储备、发展高架基础设施、机构贷款的便利性以及产生非农收入来源。这些以当地为基础的可行措施将有助于当地居民通过普遍恢复弱势群体的生计来减少洪水的频率，从而降低脆弱性并提高复原力巴基斯坦旁遮普邦的诱饵家庭，尤其是穆扎法尔加地区。