Cells self-organize using reaction-diffusion and fluid-flow principles. Whether bulk membrane flows contribute to cell patterning has not been established. Here, using mathematical modeling, optogenetics, and synthetic probes, we show that polarized exocytosis causes lateral membrane flows away from regions of membrane insertion. Plasma membrane–associated proteins with sufficiently low diffusion and/or detachment rates couple to the flows and deplete from areas of exocytosis. In rod-shaped fission yeast cells, zones of Cdc42 GTPase activity driving polarized exocytosis are limited by GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). We show that membrane flows pattern the GAP Rga4 distribution and that coupling of a synthetic GAP to membrane flows is sufficient to establish the rod shape. Thus, membrane flows induced by Cdc42-dependent exocytosis form a negative feedback restricting the zone of Cdc42 activity.

中文翻译：

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通过分泌诱导的质膜流动形成细胞模式

细胞使用反应扩散和流体流动原理进行自组织。散装膜流动是否有助于细胞图案化尚未确定。在这里，使用数学建模、光遗传学和合成探针，我们表明极化胞吐作用导致侧膜流远离膜插入区域。具有足够低扩散和/或脱离率的质膜相关蛋白与流耦合并从胞吐作用区域耗尽。在杆状裂变酵母细胞中，驱动极化胞吐作用的 Cdc42 GTPase 活性区域受到 GTPase 激活蛋白 (GAP) 的限制。我们表明，膜流模式 GAP Rga4 分布，合成 GAP 与膜流的耦合足以建立杆状。因此，