Sociotechnical systems (STS) approach to the design of complex systems has been researched extensively. It stresses the fact that system design is never complete; it is an open-ended iterative process wherein designing never stops. With increasing technological advancement and diverse social issues emerging, the new dynamics, system approach has to be followed ingenuously. This Causal System Scenario Tool is applied in this study to a near-miss accident analysis for Indian railways. In particular, we look at the incidence of signal passing at danger (SPAD) by the train pilot due to various sociotechnical and organizational factors. We modify the system scenarios tool by proposing an additional causal system scenario tool. The contribution of this paper is threefold. Firstly, the STS analysis of SPAD is a novel approach. Secondly, STS has been applied in the context of developed economies but we use the Indian scenario, that is, in emerging economies. Thirdly, it contributes to the methodology by supplementing STS analysis with the causal system scenario tool, making it more robust. The first step maps the ‘as is situation’ and utilizes affinity diagram for plotting the issues on the framework. This is followed by replicating the process for the ‘to be situation’ and causal modelling for balancing the system is used, validating this tool. This approach can provide insights to the practitioners and policy makers in designing appropriate interventions to enhance safety of train travel.

设计复杂系统的社会技术系统 (STS) 方法已得到广泛研究。它强调了系统设计永远不会完成的事实；这是一个开放式的迭代过程，其中设计从未停止。随着技术的进步和多样化的社会问题的出现，必须巧妙地遵循新的动态、系统方法。该因果系统情景工具在本研究中应用于印度铁路的未遂事故分析。特别是，我们研究了由于各种社会技术和组织因素导致的列车驾驶员危险信号传递 (SPAD) 的发生率。我们通过提出一个额外的因果系统场景工具来修改系统场景工具。本文的贡献有三方面。首先，SPAD 的 STS 分析是一种新颖的方法。其次，STS 已应用于发达经济体，但我们使用印度情景，即新兴经济体。第三，它通过用因果系统场景工具补充 STS 分析来为方法论做出贡献，使其更加稳健。第一步绘制“现状”并利用亲和图绘制框架上的问题。接下来是复制“即将发生的情况”的过程，并使用因果模型来平衡系统，从而验证该工具。这种方法可以为从业者和政策制定者设计适当的干预措施以提高火车旅行的安全性提供见解。它通过使用因果系统场景工具补充 STS 分析来为方法论做出贡献，使其更加稳健。第一步绘制“现状”并利用亲和图绘制框架上的问题。接下来是复制“即将发生的情况”的过程，并使用因果模型来平衡系统，从而验证该工具。这种方法可以为从业者和政策制定者设计适当的干预措施以提高火车旅行的安全性提供见解。它通过使用因果系统场景工具补充 STS 分析来为方法论做出贡献，使其更加稳健。第一步绘制“现状”并利用亲和图绘制框架上的问题。接下来是复制“即将发生的情况”的过程，并使用因果模型来平衡系统，从而验证该工具。这种方法可以为从业者和政策制定者设计适当的干预措施以提高火车旅行的安全性提供见解。