In the last years, several studies testing commercial periodontal gels that contain chlorhexidine (CHX) or other antibacterial agents, have raised concerns regarding their cytotoxicity in periodontal tissues. We aimed at comparing the biocompatibility but also the efficacy as regards to the antibacterial and wound healing ability of different commercial periodontal gels. In vitro human gingival fibroblasts (GF) and a 3D model of human tissue equivalents of gingiva (GTE) were used under inflammatory conditions to evaluate wound closure, cytotoxicity and gene expression. Antibacterial effects were also investigated on Porphyromonas gingivalis growth, viability and gingipain activity. In GF and in the bacterial study, we found cytotoxic effects on GF and a high inhibition on bacterial growth rate in gels containing CHX, asiaticoside, enoxolone, cetylpyridinium chloride, propolis and eugenol. Of the two gels that were non-cytotoxic, Syntoss Biogel (containing chondrontin sulfate) and Emdogain (EMD, containing amelogenin and propylene glycol alginate), EMD showed the best wound closure, with no effect on P. gingivalis growth but decreased gingipain activity. On the other hand, Syntoss Biogel reduced viability and gingipain activity of P. gingivalis, but lack wound healing capacity. In the 3D GTE, Syntoss Biogel and EMD showed a good biocompatibility. Among all the tested gels, formulations containing CHX, asiaticoside, enoxolone, cetylpyridinium chloride, propolis and eugenol showed high antibacterial effect but also showed high cytotoxicity in eukaryotic cells. EMD was the one with the best biocompatibility and wound healing ability at the conditions tested.

中文翻译：

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商业牙周凝胶对抗菌、生物相容性和伤口愈合能力的体外比较评价

在过去几年中，几项测试含有氯己定 (CHX) 或其他抗菌剂的商业牙周凝胶的研究引起了对其在牙周组织中的细胞毒性的担忧。我们旨在比较不同商业牙周凝胶的生物相容性以及抗菌和伤口愈合能力的功效。在炎症条件下使用体外人牙龈成纤维细胞 (GF) 和人牙龈组织等效物 (GTE) 的 3D 模型来评估伤口闭合、细胞毒性和基因表达。还研究了对牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抗菌作用生长、活力和牙龈蛋白酶活性。在 GF 和细菌研究中，我们发现在含有 CHX、积雪草苷、依诺酮、氯化十六烷基吡啶、蜂胶和丁子香酚的凝胶中对 GF 具有细胞毒性作用和对细菌生长速率的高度抑制。在两种无细胞毒性凝胶中，Syntoss Biogel（含有硫酸软骨素）和 Emdogain（EMD，含有牙釉蛋白和海藻酸丙二醇酯），EMD 显示出最好的伤口闭合，对P. gingivalis生长没有影响，但降低了 gingipain 的活性。另一方面，Syntoss Biogel 降低了牙龈卟啉单胞菌的活力和牙龈蛋白酶活性，但缺乏伤口愈合能力。在 3D GTE 中，Syntoss Biogel 和 EMD 表现出良好的生物相容性。在所有测试的凝胶中，含有 CHX、积雪草苷、依诺酮、氯化十六烷基吡啶、蜂胶和丁香酚的制剂显示出高抗菌作用，但在真核细胞中也显示出高细胞毒性。EMD 是在测试条件下具有最佳生物相容性和伤口愈合能力的一种。