Background: Growth factors and cytokines responsible for the regenerative potential of the dental pulp mesenchymal stem cell secretome (DPMSC-S) are implicated in oral carcinogenesis. The impact and effects of these secretory factors on cancer cells must be understood in order to ensure their safe application in cancer patients. Objective: We aimed to quantify the growth factors and cytokines in DPMSC-S and assess their effect on oral cancer cell proliferation. Materials and methods: DPMSCs were isolated from patients with healthy teeth (n = 5) that were indicated for extraction for orthodontic reasons. The cells were characterized using flow cytometry and conditioned medium (DPMSC-CM) was prepared. DPMSC-CM was subjected to a bead-based array to quantify the growth factors and cytokines that may affect oral carcinogenesis. The effect of DPMSC-CM (20%, 50%, 100%) on the proliferation of oral cancer cells (AW123516) was evaluated using a Ki-67-based assay at 48 h. AW13516 cultured in the standard growth medium acted as the control. Results: VEGF, HCF, Ang-2, TGF-α, EPO, SCF, FGF, and PDGF-BB were the growth factors with the highest levels in the DPMSC-CM. The highest measured pro-inflammatory cytokine was TNF-α, followed by CXCL8. The most prevalent anti-inflammatory cytokine in the DPMSC-CM was IL-10, followed by TGF-β1 and IL-4. Concentrations of 50% and 100% DPMSC-CM inhibited Ki-67 expression in AW13516, although the effect was non-significant. Moreover, 20% DPMSC-CM significantly increased Ki-67 expression compared to the control. Conclusions: The increased Ki-67 expression of oral cancer cells in response to 20% DPMSC-CM indicates the potential for cancer progression. Further research is needed to identify their effects on other carcinogenic properties, including apoptosis, stemness, migration, invasion, adhesion, and therapeutic resistance.

中文翻译：

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牙髓间充质干细胞分泌组的生长因子和细胞因子可能有助于口腔癌的增殖

背景：负责牙髓间充质干细胞分泌组 (DPMSC-S) 再生潜能的生长因子和细胞因子与口腔癌发生有关。必须了解这些分泌因子对癌细胞的影响，以确保它们在癌症患者中的安全应用。目的：我们旨在量化 DPMSC-S 中的生长因子和细胞因子，并评估它们对口腔癌细胞增殖的影响。材料和方法：从牙齿健康的患者中分离出 DPMSCs ( n= 5) 因正畸原因需要拔牙。使用流式细胞术表征细胞并制备条件培养基（DPMSC-CM）。DPMSC-CM 接受基于微珠的阵列以量化可能影响口腔癌变的生长因子和细胞因子。使用基于 Ki-67 的测定在 48 小时评估 DPMSC-CM（20%、50%、100%）对口腔癌细胞（AW123516）增殖的影响。在标准生长培养基中培养的 AW13516 作为对照。结果：VEGF、HCF、Ang-2、TGF-α、EPO、SCF、FGF和PDGF-BB是DPMSC-CM中含量最高的生长因子。测量的最高促炎细胞因子是 TNF-α，其次是 CXCL8。DPMSC-CM 中最普遍的抗炎细胞因子是 IL-10，其次是 TGF-β1 和 IL-4。50% 和 100% DPMSC-CM 的浓度抑制了 AW13516 中 Ki-67 的表达，尽管效果不显着。此外，与对照相比，20% DPMSC-CM 显着增加 Ki-67 表达。结论：响应于 20% DPMSC-CM 的口腔癌细胞 Ki-67 表达增加表明癌症进展的潜力。需要进一步研究以确定它们对其他致癌特性的影响，包括细胞凋亡、干性、迁移、侵袭、粘附和治疗抵抗。