Autistic adults have a high prevalence of sleep problems and psychiatric conditions. In the general population sleep problems have been associated with a range of demographic and lifestyle factors. Whether the same factors contribute to different types of disturbed sleep experienced by autistic adults is unknown and served as the main aim of this study. An online survey was conducted with 493 autistic adults. Demographic information (e.g., age, gender), about lifestyle (e.g., napping), and information about comorbid conditions was collected. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to assess daytime somnolence. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to examine predictors of each subscale score on the PSQI, as well as PSQI and ESS total scores. Results indicated that individuals who reported having a diagnosis of anxiety and insomnia were more likely to have poorer sleep quality outcomes overall. Furthermore, individuals who reported habitually napping had higher daytime dysfunction, increased sleep disturbances, and increased daytime sleepiness. These results provide novel insights into the demographic and lifestyle factors that influence sleep quality and daytime somnolence in autistic adults and can be used for targeted sleep interventions.

中文翻译：

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焦虑、失眠和小睡预示着自闭症成人人群的睡眠质量较差


自闭症成年人普遍存在睡眠问题和精神疾病。在一般人群中，睡眠问题与一系列人口和生活方式因素有关。是否相同的因素会导致自闭症成人经历不同类型的睡眠障碍尚不清楚，这也是本研究的主要目的。对 493 名成人自闭症患者进行了一项在线调查。收集人口统计信息（例如年龄、性别）、生活方式（例如午睡）以及共病信息。匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）用于评估睡眠质量，艾普沃斯嗜睡量表（ESS）用于评估白天嗜睡。逐步多元回归分析用于检查 PSQI 各子量表评分以及 PSQI 和 ESS 总分的预测因子。结果表明，报告被诊断患有焦虑和失眠的人整体睡眠质量结果更可能较差。此外，习惯性小睡的人白天功能障碍程度更高，睡眠障碍增加，白天嗜睡程度增加。这些结果为影响自闭症成人睡眠质量和白天嗜睡的人口和生活方式因素提供了新的见解，可用于有针对性的睡眠干预。