We evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of azoxystrobin, cyhalofop-butyl, and thiamethoxam on Telenomus podisi after spraying rice plants in a greenhouse, as well as the degradation kinetics of these compounds over time. Pesticides were sprayed at 50 and 100% of the maximum field recommended concentration for the crop (MFRC). At 0, 5, 10, and 20 days after application of the treatments (DAAT), T. podisi was exposed to leaves containing dry pesticide residues. On these same dates, rice leaves from each treatment were collected for determination of pesticide residues by UHPLC–MS/MS. Based on the results for mortality, parasitism, emergence, and sex ratio of T. podisi, the effects were grouped using a reduction coefficient (E_x) and classified according to the scale of the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). The fungicide azoxystrobin (at 50 and 100% MFRC) was the only one classified as harmless (Class 1). The herbicide cyhalofop-butyl was classified as slightly harmful (Class 2) to T. podisi until 5 DAAT. The insecticide thiamethoxam (50 and 100% MFRC), up to 5 DAAT, was classified as harmful (Class 4) on T. podisi. Regarding residue, the initial concentrations (0 DAAT) of azoxystrobin, cyhalofop-butyl, and thiamethoxam at 100% MFRC in rice leaves were 102.14, 210.09, and 36.93 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. At 50% MFRC, initial waste was approximately half that extracted at 100% MFRC. The estimated half-lives (DT₅₀) were approximately 17, 4, and 5 days for azoxystrobin, cyhalofop-butyl, and thiamethoxam, respectively. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between effects and residues.

我们评估了在温室中喷洒水稻后，嘧菌酯、氯氟氰菊酯和噻虫嗪对Telenomus podisi的致死和亚致死作用，以及这些化合物随时间推移的降解动力学。以该作物的最大田间推荐浓度 (MFRC) 的 50% 和 100% 喷洒农药。在施用处理 (DAAT) 后 0、5、10 和 20 天，T. podisi暴露于含有干燥农药残留物的叶子中。在这些相同的日期，收集每个处理的稻叶，通过 UHPLC-MS/MS 测定农药残留。根据T. podisi 的死亡率、寄生性、羽化和性别比的结果，使用减少系数 ( E _x) 并根据国际生物和综合控制组织 (IOBC) 的规模进行分类。杀菌剂嘧菌酯（50% 和 100% MFRC）是唯一一种被归类为无害（第 ​​1 类）的杀菌剂。除草剂氯氟氰菊酯在 5 DAAT 之前被归类为对T. podisi轻微有害（第 2 类）。杀虫剂噻虫嗪（50% 和 100% MFRC）高达 5 DAAT，被归类为对T. podisi有害（第 4 类）。关于残留物，稻叶中 100% MFRC 的嘧菌酯、氰氟虫酯和噻虫嗪的初始浓度 (0 DAAT) 分别为 102.14、210.09 和 36.93 mg kg ^-1。在 50% MFRC 时，初始废物约为 100% MFRC 时提取的一半。估计的半衰期 (DT ₅₀) 分别为嘧菌酯、氯氟氰菊酯和噻虫嗪的大约 17、4 和 5 天。此外，我们发现效果和残留之间呈正相关。