The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) proposes revisions in the nomenclature, disease definition, and diagnostic criteria for "burning mouth syndrome" (BMS). This process could benefit from additional systematically collected expert input. Thus, the purpose of this study was to use the Delphi method to (1) determine whether revision in nomenclature and alternative names for "BMS" are warranted and (2) identify areas of consensus among experts for changes to the disease description and proposed diagnostic criteria of "BMS," as described in the ICD-11 (World Health Organization). From 31 international invited experts, 23 who expressed interest were sent the survey. The study used 4 iterative surveys, each with a response rate of ≥82%. Consensus was predefined as 70% of participants in agreement. Data were summarized using both descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis. Consensus indicated that BMS should not be classified as a syndrome and recommended instead renaming to "burning mouth disorder." Consensus included deletion of 2 diagnostic criteria: (1) emotional distress or functional disability and (2) the number of hours symptoms occur per day. Additional items that reached consensus clarified the disease definition and proposed more separate diagnostic criteria, including a list of local and systemic factors to evaluate as potential secondary causes of oral burning. Experts in this study recommended and came to consensus on select revisions to the proposed ICD-11 BMS nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, and disease definition. The revisions recommended have the potential to improve clarity, consistency, and accuracy of diagnosis for this disorder.

中文翻译：

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重命名灼口综合征并改进国际疾病分类 11 种疾病标准的共识：一项国际德尔菲研究。

国际疾病分类 (ICD-11) 建议对“灼口综合征”(BMS) 的命名、疾病定义和诊断标准进行修订。这一过程可以受益于额外系统收集的专家意见。因此，本研究的目的是使用德尔菲法 (1) 确定是否有必要修订“BMS”的命名法和替代名称，以及 (2) 确定专家之间对疾病描述和提议的诊断变化的共识领域ICD-11（世界卫生组织）中描述的“BMS”标准。31 名国际特邀专家中，有 23 名表示有兴趣接受了调查。该研究采用了 4 项迭代调查，每项的响应率均≥82%。共识被预先定义为 70% 的参与者达成一致。使用描述性统计和定性主题分析来总结数据。共识表明 BMS 不应被归类为一种综合征，并建议将其重新命名为“灼口症”。共识包括删除 2 项诊断标准：(1) 情绪困扰或功能障碍；(2) 每天出现症状的小时数。达成共识的其他项目澄清了疾病定义，并提出了更单独的诊断标准，包括一系列局部和全身因素，用于评估口腔烧灼感的潜在次要原因。本研究中的专家对拟议的 ICD-11 BMS 命名法、诊断标准和疾病定义的部分修订提出建议并达成共识。建议的修订有可能提高这种疾病诊断的清晰度、一致性和准确性。