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Of bats and men: Immunomodulatory treatment options for COVID-19 guided by the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Science Immunology ( IF 24.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-17 , DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abd0205
Michael J Christie 1, 2 , Aaron T Irving 3, 4 , Samuel C Forster 5, 6 , Benjamin J Marsland 7 , Philip M Hansbro 8, 9 , Paul J Hertzog 5, 6 , Claudia A Nold-Petry 1, 2 , Marcel F Nold 1, 2, 10
Affiliation  

In humans, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) is highly infective, often causes severe acute and/or long-term illness, and elicits a high rate of mortality, even in countries with sophisticated medical systems. Detailed knowledge on the immune responses underpinning COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), and on strategies SARS-CoV-2 uses to evade them, can provide pivotal guidance to researchers and clinicians developing and administering potentially life-saving immunomodulatory therapies. The need for such therapies in COVID-19 is unlikely to abate soon given the emergence of variants of concern that may pose new challenges for some vaccines and neutralizing antibodies. Here, we summarize current knowledge on COVID-19 immunopathogenesis in relation to three clinical disease stages and focus on immune evasion strategies used by pathogenic coronaviruses such as skewing type I, II, and III interferon responses and inhibiting detection via pattern recognition and antigen presentation. Insights gained from bats, which exhibit minimal disease in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, offer an informative perspective and may guide future development of new therapies. We also discuss how knowledge of immunopathology may inform therapeutic decisions, for example, on selecting the most appropriate immunotherapeutic agents and timing their administration, to reduce morbidity and mortality of COVID-19.

中文翻译:

蝙蝠和男性:以 SARS-CoV-2 感染的免疫病理学为指导的 COVID-19 免疫调节治疗方案

在人类中,SARS-CoV-2(严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2)具有高度传染性,经常导致严重的急性和/或长期疾病,并导致高死亡率,即使在医疗系统先进的国家也是如此。关于支撑 COVID-19(2019 年冠状病毒病)的免疫反应以及 SARS-CoV-2 用来逃避它们的策略的详细知识,可以为研究人员和临床医生开发和管理可能挽救生命的免疫调节疗法提供关键指导。鉴于可能对某些疫苗和中和抗体构成新挑战的关注变体的出现,COVID-19 对此类疗法的需求不太可能很快减弱。这里,我们总结了与三个临床疾病阶段相关的 COVID-19 免疫发病机制的当前知识,并重点关注致病性冠状病毒使用的免疫逃避策略,例如扭曲 I、II 和 III 型干扰素反应以及通过模式识别和抗原呈递抑制检测。从对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的反应中表现出最小疾病的蝙蝠获得的见解提供了一个信息丰富的视角,并可能指导新疗法的未来发展。我们还讨论了免疫病理学知识如何为治疗决策提供信息,例如,选择最合适的免疫治疗药物并定时给药,以降低 COVID-19 的发病率和死亡率。和 III 干扰素反应和通过模式识别和抗原呈递抑制检测。从对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的反应中表现出最小疾病的蝙蝠获得的见解提供了一个信息丰富的视角,并可能指导新疗法的未来发展。我们还讨论了免疫病理学知识如何为治疗决策提供信息,例如,选择最合适的免疫治疗药物并定时给药,以降低 COVID-19 的发病率和死亡率。和 III 干扰素反应和通过模式识别和抗原呈递抑制检测。从对 SARS-CoV-2 感染的反应中表现出最小疾病的蝙蝠获得的见解提供了一个信息丰富的视角,并可能指导新疗法的未来发展。我们还讨论了免疫病理学知识如何为治疗决策提供信息,例如,选择最合适的免疫治疗药物并定时给药,以降低 COVID-19 的发病率和死亡率。
更新日期:2021-09-19
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