Tendon and ligament are soft connective tissues that play essential roles in transmitting forces from muscle to bone or bone to bone. Despite significant progress made in the field of ligament and tendon regeneration over the past decades, many strategies struggle to recapitulate basic structure-function criteria of native ligament/tendon. The goal here is to provide a fundamental understanding of the structure and composition of ligament/tendon and highlight few key challenges in functional regeneration of these connective tissues. The remainder of the review will examine several biomaterials strategies including biomimetic scaffold with non-linear mechanical behavior, hydrogel patch with anisotropic adhesion and gene-activated scaffold for interactive healing of tendon/ligament. Finally, emerging technologies and research avenues are suggested that have the potential to enhance treatment outcomes of tendon/ligament injuries.

中文翻译：

---

使用仿生和智能细胞结构促进肌腱/韧带修复。

肌腱和韧带是软结缔组织，它们在将力从肌肉传递到骨骼或从骨骼传递到骨骼方面发挥着重要作用。尽管在过去的几十年里韧带和肌腱再生领域取得了重大进展，但许多策略难以概括原生韧带/肌腱的基本结构功能标准。这里的目标是提供对韧带/肌腱的结构和组成的基本理解，并强调这些结缔组织功能再生中的几个关键挑战。审查的其余部分将检查几种生物材料策略，包括具有非线性力学行为的仿生支架、具有各向异性粘附的水凝胶贴片和用于肌腱/韧带交互式愈合的基因激活支架。最后，