Cancer is a significant global health problem and is characterized by a consistent increase in incidence and mortality rate. Deciphering the etiology and risk factors are essential parts of cancer research. Recently, the altered microbiome has been identified within the tumor microenvironment, tumor tissue, and even nonadjacent environments, which indicates a strong correlation between the microbiome and tumor development. However, the causation and mechanisms of this correlation remain unclear. Herein, we summarized and discussed the interaction between the microbiome and tumor progression. Firstly, the microbiome, which can be located in the tumor microenvironment, inside tumor tissues and in the nonadjacent environment, is different between cancer patients and healthy individuals. Secondly, the tumor can remodel microbial profiles by creating a more beneficial condition for the shifted microbiome. Third, the microbiome can promote tumorigenesis through a direct pathogenic process, including the establishment of an inflammatory environment and its effect on host immunity. The interactions between the microbiome and tumors can promote an understanding of the carcinogenesis and provide novel therapeutic strategies for cancers.

中文翻译：

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微生物组与肿瘤之间的相互作用。


癌症是一个重大的全球健康问题，其特点是发病率和死亡率持续上升。破译病因和危险因素是癌症研究的重要组成部分。最近，在肿瘤微环境、肿瘤组织甚至非邻近环境中发现了改变的微生物组，这表明微生物组与肿瘤发展之间存在很强的相关性。然而，这种相关性的因果关系和机制仍不清楚。在此，我们总结并讨论了微生物组与肿瘤进展之间的相互作用。首先，肿瘤微环境、肿瘤组织内部和非邻近环境中的微生物组在癌症患者和健康个体之间是不同的。其次，肿瘤可以通过为改变的微生物组创造更有利的条件来重塑微生物特征。第三，微生物组可以通过直接致病过程促进肿瘤发生，包括炎症环境的建立及其对宿主免疫的影响。微生物组与肿瘤之间的相互作用可以促进对致癌作用的理解，并为癌症提供新的治疗策略。