It has been nearly 60 years since Dr John Gurdon achieved the first cloning of Xenopus by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Later, in 2006, Takahashi and Yamanaka published their landmark study demonstrating the application of four transcription factors to induce pluripotency. These two amazing discoveries both clearly established that cell identity can be reprogrammed and that mature cells still contain the information required for lineage specification. Considering that different cell types possess identical genomes, what orchestrates reprogramming has attracted wide interest. Epigenetics, including high-level chromatin structure, might provide some answers. Benefitting from the tremendous progress in high-throughput and multi-omics techniques, we here address the roles and interactions of genome architecture, chromatin modifications, and transcription regulation during somatic cell reprogramming that were previously beyond reach. In addition, we provide perspectives on recent technical advances that might help to overcome certain barriers in the field.

中文翻译：

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体细胞重编程过程中的染色质结构重组。

自约翰·格登博士通过体细胞核移植 (SCNT) 首次实现非洲爪蟾克隆以来，已经过去了将近 60 年。后来，在 2006 年，Takahashi 和 Yamanaka 发表了他们具有里程碑意义的研究，证明了应用四种转录因子来诱导多能性。这两个惊人的发现都清楚地表明细胞身份可以重新编程，成熟细胞仍然包含谱系规范所需的信息。考虑到不同的细胞类型拥有相同的基因组，如何协调重编程引起了广泛的兴趣。包括高级染色质结构在内的表观遗传学可能会提供一些答案。受益于高通量和多组学技术的巨大进步，我们在这里解决了基因组结构、染色质修饰、和体细胞重编程过程中的转录调控，这在以前是遥不可及的。此外，我们还提供了有关可能有助于克服该领域某些障碍的最新技术进步的观点。