Objectives An association between fetal growth restriction (FGR) and increased predisposition to cardiovascular disease (CVD) is suggested. The aim of this study was to evaluate subclinical signs of fetal cardiac remodeling in late-onset small-for-gestational-age (SGA) and growth-restricted fetuses using two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). Methods This is a prospective cohort study, including 117 late-onset (≥32 weeks) SGA (birthweight≤10th centile) fetuses and 102 gestational age matched controls. A subgroup analysis was performed: FGR was defined based on either BW (<third centile) or the presence of feto-maternal Doppler abnormalities, the remaining cases were called SGA centile 3–10. 2D-STE based myocardial deformation analyses included longitudinal peak systolic strain (LPSS) and strain rate (LSR) of the global left (LV) or right (RV) ventricle and its individual segments. Results Global and segmental LPSS and LSR values showed no significant difference between late-onset SGA and control fetuses for both ventricles (p>0.05). Regarding global and segmental LPSS and LSR values of LV/RV, subgroup analysis revealed no significant difference between the FGR (n=81), SGA centile 3–10 (n=36) and control group. Conclusions A mild degree of placental dysfunction seems not to influence myocardial deformation properties measured by 2D-STE.

中文翻译：

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使用二维斑点追踪超声心动图对迟发性小于胎龄和生长受限胎儿的心肌变形进行分析：一项前瞻性队列研究

目的 建议胎儿生长受限 (FGR) 与心血管疾病 (CVD) 易感性增加之间存在关联。本研究的目的是使用二维斑点追踪超声心动图 (2D-STE) 评估晚发型小于胎龄儿 (SGA) 和生长受限胎儿的胎儿心脏重塑的亚临床体征。方法 这是一项前瞻性队列研究，包括 117 名晚发型（≥32 周）SGA（出生体重≤10%）胎儿和 102 名胎龄匹配对照。进行了亚组分析：FGR 是根据 BW（<第三个百分位）或胎儿-母体多普勒异常的存在来定义的，其余病例称为 SGA 百分位 3-10。基于 2D-STE 的心肌变形分析包括全局左 (LV) 或右 (RV) 心室及其各个部分的纵向峰值收缩应变 (LPSS) 和应变率 (LSR)。结果全局和节段性LPSS和LSR值显示晚发性SGA和对照胎儿的两个心室没有显着差异（p>0.05）。关于 LV/RV 的全局和分段 LPSS 和 LSR 值，亚组分析显示 FGR（n=81）、SGA 百分位数 3-10（n=36）和对照组之间没有显着差异。结论 轻度胎盘功能障碍似乎不会影响 2D-STE 测量的心肌变形特性。结果全局和节段性LPSS和LSR值显示晚发性SGA和对照胎儿的两个心室没有显着差异（p>0.05）。关于 LV/RV 的全局和分段 LPSS 和 LSR 值，亚组分析显示 FGR（n=81）、SGA 百分位数 3-10（n=36）和对照组之间没有显着差异。结论 轻度胎盘功能障碍似乎不会影响 2D-STE 测量的心肌变形特性。结果全局和节段性LPSS和LSR值显示晚发性SGA和对照胎儿的两个心室没有显着差异（p>0.05）。关于 LV/RV 的全局和分段 LPSS 和 LSR 值，亚组分析显示 FGR（n=81）、SGA 百分位数 3-10（n=36）和对照组之间没有显着差异。结论 轻度胎盘功能障碍似乎不会影响 2D-STE 测量的心肌变形特性。