Southern conifers have evolved under different evolutionary pressures compared with northern lineages, but in both regions these plants have undergone extensive extinction and range alteration over the Cenozoic (the last 66 Myr). It is not possible to observe the ecology of fossils directly, but indirect evidence of changes in bioclimatic envelopes can be derived from no-analogue assemblages (i.e., groups of co-occurring fossils that have climatically incongruous living relatives). We identify and examine the specific pairs of no-analogue fossils within assemblages to disentangle the effects of climatic factors on past conifer extinctions and suggest which of these factors are likely to threaten southern conifer biodiversity in the future.

中文翻译：

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南部针叶树化石记录中的非模拟关联揭示了降水的保守性，但不是温度轴

与北方谱系相比，南方针叶树在不同的进化压力下进化，但在这两个地区，这些植物在新生代（最后 66 Myr）经历了广泛的灭绝和范围改变。不可能直接观察化石的生态学，但生物气候包络变化的间接证据可以从非类似物组合（即具有气候不协调的现存亲属的共生化石群）中获得。我们识别并检查组合中特定的非相似化石对，以解开气候因素对过去针叶树灭绝的影响，并提出这些因素中哪些可能在未来威胁南部针叶树的生物多样性。