Radiochromic films composed of polymer matrices and organic dyes are widely used for routine dosimetry purposes in operation of various radiation facilities—gamma and X-ray-irradiation, electron accelerators, and so on. However, the sensitivity of these films rapidly decreases at doses exceeding 30–50 kGy due to a saturation of their optical response, making them unsuitable for accurate dosimetry in radiation processing of polymers and composites where doses up to 200 kGy are typically employed. To overcome this limitation, the use of inorganic substances as the coloring agents of polymer-based radiochromic films was proposed in this paper, specifically, heteropolyacidacid H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (tungstophosphoric acid) in the matrix of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Nanocomposite PVA/H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ films were prepared by solution casting and their optical responses toward ⁶⁰Co gamma radiation and beams of 6 MeV electrons for a dose range of 10–200 kGy were investigated. It was established that upon exposure to gamma rays and electron beams, the films turn blue and a broad absorption band at 750 nm appears in their spectra. Importantly, the radiation-induced optical absorption increases in a linear fashion up to the dose of 150 kGy and only slightly deviates from linearity at 200 kGy. Moreover, it was found that the PVA/H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ films have a long shelf life, are dose-rate independent within a wide range, and color-stable after irradiation. All these features make the nanocomposite PVA/H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ films promising for use as routine dosimeters and dose labels in a much wider range of high doses as compared to radiochromic films based on organic dyes.

中文翻译：

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聚（乙烯醇）/杂多酸纳米复合材料作为辐射处理中放射变色剂量测定的新材料

由聚合物基质和有机染料组成的辐射变色薄膜广泛用于各种辐射设施（伽马和 X 射线辐射、电子加速器等）的日常剂量测定目的。然而，这些薄膜的灵敏度在剂量超过 30-50 kGy 时迅速下降，因为它们的光学响应饱和，这使得它们不适合在聚合物和复合材料的辐射加工中进行精确的剂量测定，通常使用高达 200 kGy 的剂量。为了克服这一限制，本文提出了使用无机物质作为聚合物基放射变色薄膜的着色剂，特别是杂多酸H ₃ PW ₁₂ O ₄₀（钨磷酸）在聚乙烯醇（PVA）的基质中。通过溶液浇铸制备纳米复合 PVA/H ₃ PW ₁₂ O ₄₀薄膜，并研究了它们对⁶⁰ Co 伽马辐射和 6 MeV 电子束的光学响应，剂量范围为 10-200 kGy。已经确定，在暴露于伽马射线和电子束时，薄膜变成蓝色，并且在它们的光谱中出现 750 nm 的宽吸收带。重要的是，辐射诱导的光吸收以线性方式增加到 150 kGy 的剂量，并且在 200 kGy 时仅略微偏离线性。此外，发现 PVA/H ₃ PW ₁₂ O ₄₀薄膜具有较长的保质期，在很宽的范围内不受剂量率影响，并且辐照后颜色稳定。与基于有机染料的放射致变色薄膜相比，所有这些特性使纳米复合材料 PVA/H ₃ PW ₁₂ O ₄₀薄膜有望在更广泛的高剂量范围内用作常规剂量计和剂量标签。