Knowledge on reproductive strategies and host use in insect parasitoids is fundamental for biological control purposes. Superparasitism and multiparasitism, oviposition in a previously parasitized host by a female of the same or different species, respectively, may impact pest management decisions. Our objective was to determine the occurrence of superparasitism and multiparasitism in three species of native larval−pupal solitary endoparasitoids that attack Anastrepha Shiner species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in the Neotropical region, and the possible effect on offspring fitness parameters. Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck), Utetes anastrephae (Viereck), and Opius hirtus (Fischer) occur in sympatry in Mexico, and are currently under consideration for use as biocontrol agents. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions with females acting alone (self-superparasitism), females in groups of the same species (conspecific superparasitism), and females in mixed groups (multiparasitism). Our results showed that self-superparasitism is an uncommon strategy in the three native species and is rare under conditions of intraspecific competition. In the case of multiparasitism, a higher number of immature stages of U. anastrephae was observed, compared to those of D. crawfordi and O. hirtus. However, it is not clear yet if this was due to some adult female trait or to the competitive ability of the larvae. We conclude that most females of the native species studied appeared to avoid superparasitism, specifically when acting alone, suggesting a high discrimination ability, which is probably a result of a close relationship and evolutionary history with Anastrepha hosts.

关于昆虫寄生蜂的繁殖策略和宿主用途的知识对于生物控制目的至关重要。超寄生和多寄生，分别由相同或不同物种的雌性在先前寄生的宿主中产卵，可能会影响害虫管理决策。我们的目标是确定在新热带地区攻击按实蝇Shiner 物种（双翅目：Tephritidae）的三种原生幼虫 - 蛹单生内寄生蜂中超寄生和多重寄生的发生，以及对后代适应度参数的可能影响。Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck)、Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) 和Opius hirtus（Fischer）在墨西哥出现，目前正在考虑用作生物防治剂。实验是在实验室条件下进行的，雌性单独行动（自我超寄生），同一物种中的雌性（同种超寄生）和混合组中的雌性（多寄生）。我们的研究结果表明，自我超寄生是三种本地物种中不常见的策略，并且在种内竞争条件下很少见。在多寄生的情况下，U的未成熟阶段数量较多。与D. crawfordi和O. hirtus相比，观察到了按蚊。然而，尚不清楚这是由于某些成年雌性特征还是由于幼虫的竞争能力。我们得出的结论是，所研究的本地物种的大多数雌性似乎都避免了超寄生，特别是在单独行动时，这表明其具有很高的辨别能力，这可能是与按实蝇宿主的密切关系和进化历史的结果。