This paper provides a detailed account of the impact of different offshore wind siting strategies on the design of the European power system. To this end, a two-stage method is proposed. In the first stage, a highly-granular siting problem identifies a suitable set of sites where offshore wind plants could be deployed according to a pre-specified criterion. Two siting schemes are analysed and compared within a realistic case study. These schemes essentially select a pre-specified number of sites so as to maximize their aggregate power output and their spatiotemporal complementarity, respectively. In addition, two variants of these siting schemes are provided, wherein the number of sites to be selected is specified on a country-by-country basis rather than Europe-wide. In the second stage, the subset of previously-identified sites is passed to a capacity expansion planning framework that sizes the power generation, transmission and storage assets that should be deployed and operated in order to satisfy pre-specified electricity demand levels at minimum cost. Results show that the complementarity-based siting criterion leads to system designs which are up to 5% cheaper than the ones relying on the power output-based scheme when offshore wind plants are deployed with no consideration for country-based deployment targets. On the contrary, the power output-based scheme leads to system designs which are consistently 2% cheaper than the ones leveraging the complementarity-based siting strategy when such constraints are enforced. The robustness of the reported results is supported by a sensitivity analysis on offshore wind capital expenditure and inter-annual weather variability, respectively.

本文详细介绍了不同海上风电选址策略对欧洲电力系统设计的影响。为此，提出了一种两阶段方法。在第一阶段，高度细化的选址问题确定了一组合适的地点，可以根据预先指定的标准部署海上风力发电厂。在实际案例研究中分析和比较了两种选址方案。这些方案基本上选择预先指定数量的站点，以便分别最大化它们的总功率输出和它们的时空互补性。此外，还提供了这些选址方案的两种变体，其中要选择的站点数量是按国家/地区而不是在整个欧洲范围内指定的。在第二阶段，先前确定的站点子集被传递到容量扩展规划框架，该框架确定应部署和运营的发电、输电和存储资产的规模，以便以最低成本满足预先指定的电力需求水平。结果表明，在不考虑国家部署目标的情况下部署海上风电场时，基于互补性的选址标准导致系统设计比依赖基于功率输出的方案的系统设计便宜多达 5%。相反，当强制执行此类约束时，基于功率输出的方案导致系统设计始终比利用基于互补性的选址策略的系统设计便宜 2%。