The emergence of effective radionuclide therapeutics, such as radium-223 dichloride, [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE and [¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-PSMA ligands, over the last 10 years is driving a rapid expansion in molecular radiotherapy (MRT) research. Clinical trials that are underway will help to define optimal dosing protocols and identify groups of patients who are likely to benefit from this form of treatment. Clinical investigations are also being conducted to combine new MRT agents with other anticancer drugs, with particular emphasis on DNA repair inhibitors and immunotherapeutics. In this review, the case is presented for combining MRT with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). The technical and dosimetric challenges of combining two radiotherapeutic modalities have impeded progress in the past. However, the need for research into the specific radiobiological effects of radionuclide therapy, which has lagged behind that for EBRT, has been recognised. This, together with innovations in imaging technology, MRT dosimetry tools and EBRT hardware, will facilitate the future use of this important combination of treatments.

有效的放射性核素治疗剂的出现，如镭-223二氯化物、[ ¹⁷⁷ Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE和[ ¹⁷⁷Lu]Lu-PSMA 配体在过去 10 年中推动了分子放射治疗 (MRT) 研究的快速发展。正在进行的临床试验将有助于确定最佳给药方案并确定可能从这种治疗形式中受益的患者群体。还正在进行临床研究，以将新的 MRT 药物与其他抗癌药物结合起来，特别强调 DNA 修复抑制剂和免疫治疗药物。在这篇综述中，介绍了将 MRT 与外照射放疗 (EBRT) 相结合的案例。结合两种放射治疗方式的技术和剂量学挑战在过去阻碍了进展。然而，已经认识到需要研究放射性核素治疗的特定放射生物学效应，这已经落后于 EBRT。这个，