Kesterite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS)-based solar devices have become a popular alternative to copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) due to its outstanding properties such as high efficiency, non-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, suitable optoelectrical properties, and earth-abundancy. In this study, we directly fabricated CZTS films via a single-step spray pyrolysis technique, in contrast to conventional techniques where post sulfurization is required. The spray deposited CZTS films are investigated for their optical, structural, and electrical properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analysis study revealed the synthesis of the phase-pure kesterite CZTS films without impurity phases. Large crystallites of CZTS are obtained at a deposition temperature of 400 °C, exhibiting a porous granular morphology with different grain sizes upon temperature variation. The size-dependent optical properties revealed that the CZTS films exhibited admirable visible light absorption of 10⁵ cm⁻¹ and an electronic bandgap ranging between 1.42 and 1.58 eV. The minimum dielectric loss obtained for optimized CZTS due to fewer intrinsic defects confirmed the materials’ applicability. Thus, the study provides a simple, viable route to fabricate CZTS without post-treatment to build affordable solar cells.

黄铜矿 Cu ₂ ZnSnS ₄(CZTS) 基太阳能器件因其高效、无毒、成本效益、合适的光电性能和地球资源丰富等突出特性而成为铜铟镓硒 (CIGS) 的流行替代品。在这项研究中，与需要后硫化的传统技术相比，我们通过单步喷雾热解技术直接制造了 CZTS 薄膜。研究了喷涂沉积的 CZTS 薄膜的光学、结构和电学性能。X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和拉曼分析研究揭示了无杂质相的纯相锌黄铜矿 CZTS 薄膜的合成。在 400 °C 的沉积温度下获得 CZTS 的大晶粒，在温度变化时表现出具有不同粒度的多孔颗粒形态。⁵  cm ^-1和范围在 1.42 和 1.58 eV 之间的电子带隙。由于较少的固有缺陷，优化 CZTS 获得的最小介电损耗证实了材料的适用性。因此，该研究提供了一种简单、可行的方法来制造 CZTS，无需后处理即可构建价格合理的太阳能电池。