Diabetes, a metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose and other complications, has undefined causes and multiple risk factors, including inappropriate diet, unhealthy lifestyles, and genetic predisposition. The two most distinguished types of diabetes are type 1 and type 2 diabetes, resulting from the autoimmune impairment of insulin-generating pancreatic β cells and insulin insensitivity, respectively. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a cohort of RNAs with little transcriptional value, have been found to exert substantial importance in epigenetic and posttranscriptional modulation of gene expression such as messenger RNA (mRNA) silencing. This review mainly focuses on the pathology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and ncRNAs as potential biomarkers in T2D development and clinical management. We consolidate the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and current treatments of T2D, and present the existing evidence on changes in multiple types of ncRNAs in response to various pathological changes and dysfunctions in different stages of T2D.

糖尿病是一种以高血糖和其他并发症为特征的代谢性疾病，其病因不明和多种危险因素，包括不适当的饮食、不健康的生活方式和遗传倾向。两种最显着的糖尿病类型是 1 型和 2 型糖尿病，分别由产生胰岛素的胰腺 β 细胞的自身免疫损伤和胰岛素不敏感引起。非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 是一组几乎没有转录价值的 RNA，已被发现在基因表达的表观遗传和转录后调节中发挥着重要作用，例如信使 RNA (mRNA) 沉默。本综述主要关注 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 的病理学和作为 T2D 发展和临床管理中潜在生物标志物的 ncRNA。我们巩固病机、诊断、