Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major pathogen that causes acute/chronic hepatitis. Continuous HBV infection can lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although several different anti-HBV treatments are available for chronic hepatitis B patients, discontinuing these medications is difficult. Patients with chronic hepatitis B at high risk for HCC therefore require close observation. However, no suitable biomarkers for detecting high-risk groups for HCC exist, except for serum HBV-DNA, but a number of HCC biomarkers are used clinically, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II). Glycosylation is an important post-translational protein modification involved in many human pathologic conditions. HBV surface proteins contain various oligosaccharides, and several reports have described their biological functions. Inhibition of HBV glycosylation represents a potential novel anti-HBV therapy. It is thought that glycosylation of hepatocytes/hepatoma cells is also important for HBV infection, as it prevents HBV from infecting cells other than hepatocytes, even if the cells express the HBV receptor. In this review, we summarize considerable research regarding the relationship between HBV and glycosylation as it relates to the development of novel diagnostic tests and therapies for HBV.

中文翻译：

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糖技术在乙型肝炎病毒治疗和诊断中的应用面临的挑战

乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是引起急性/慢性肝炎的主要病原体。持续的HBV感染可导致肝细胞癌（HCC）的发展。尽管有几种不同的抗 HBV 治疗可用于慢性乙型肝炎患者，但很难停用这些药物。因此，HCC 高危慢性乙型肝炎患者需要密切观察。然而，除了血清 HBV-DNA 外，目前尚无合适的用于检测 HCC 高危人群的生物标志物，但临床上使用了许多 HCC 生物标志物，如甲胎蛋白 (AFP) 和维生素 K 缺乏诱导的蛋白质-II。 PIVKA-II)。糖基化是一种重要的翻译后蛋白质修饰，涉及许多人类病理状况。HBV表面蛋白含有多种寡糖，一些报告描述了它们的生物学功能。抑制HBV糖基化代表了一种潜在的新型抗HBV疗法。人们认为肝细胞/肝癌细胞的糖基化对 HBV 感染也很重要，因为它可以防止 HBV 感染肝细胞以外的细胞，即使这些细胞表达 HBV 受体。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于 HBV 与糖基化之间关系的大量研究，因为它与新型 HBV 诊断测试和疗法的开发有关。