Lipids from milk are important nutritional components, although their health effects, especially for animal milks, are still questioned. Four types of commercial milks, two semi-skimmed animal milks (bovine and goat) and two vegetable ones (soy and rice), along with their total and free lipid fractions recovered by sequential centrifugation or by ethyl acetate extraction, respectively, have been analyzed. A higher antioxidant ability, reported as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, was found for all raw milks compared to that of rice. This trend was confirmed, except for soy milk, as ROS reduction in Caco-2 cells. The free lipid fraction was shown to have the highest antioxidant potential in both chemical and biological tests. Moreover, goat and soy raw milks positively regulated Caco-2 cell viability after an inflammatory stimulus. This effect was lost when their total lipid fraction was tested. Finally, only the free lipid fraction from rice milk preserved the Caco-2 viability after LPS stimulation. Our data demonstrated that the lipid profile of each milk, characterized by GC-MS analysis, could contribute to dictate its biological effects, and, although additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed, they could support the literature re-evaluating the health effects of animal-based versus plant-based milks in the intestinal cellular model.

中文翻译：

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测定商业动植物奶的脂质特征及其与人肠道 Caco-2 细胞的细胞活力和抗氧化活性的相关性

牛奶中的脂质是重要的营养成分，尽管它们对健康的影响，尤其是对动物奶的影响，仍然受到质疑。分析了四种类型的商品奶，两种半脱脂动物奶（牛和山羊）和两种植物奶（大豆和大米），以及它们分别通过连续离心或乙酸乙酯萃取回收的总脂质和游离脂质部分. 与大米相比，所有原料奶都具有更高的抗氧化能力，报告为 Trolox 等效抗氧化能力。除了豆奶之外，这一趋势得到证实，因为 Caco-2 细胞中的 ROS 减少。在化学和生物测试中，游离脂质部分被证明具有最高的抗氧化潜力。此外，山羊和大豆原料奶在炎症刺激后积极调节 Caco-2 细胞活力。当测试它们的总脂质部分时，这种效果就消失了。最后，只有米浆中的游离脂质部分在 LPS 刺激后保留了 Caco-2 的活力。我们的数据表明，通过 GC-MS 分析表征的每种牛奶的脂质特征可能有助于决定其生物学效应，尽管需要额外的体外和体内研究，但它们可以支持重新评估健康影响的文献肠道细胞模型中动物奶与植物奶的对比。