Glycine (Gly), which is the simplest amino acid, induces the inflammation response and enhances bone mass density, and particularly its β polymorph has superior mechanical and piezoelectric properties. Therefore, electrospinning of Gly with any polymer, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), has a great potential in biomedical applications, such as guided bone regeneration (GBR) application. However, their application is limited due to a fast degradation rate and undesirable mechanical and physical properties. Therefore, encapsulation of Gly and PVA fiber within a poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) shell provides a slower degradation rate and improves the mechanical, chemical, and physical properties. A membrane intended for GBR application is a barrier membrane used to guide alveolar bone regeneration by preventing fast-proliferating cells from growing into the bone defect site. In the present work, a core/shell nanofibrous membrane, composed of PCL as shell and PVA:Gly as core, was developed utilizing the coaxial electrospinning technique and characterized morphologically, mechanically, physically, chemically, and thermally. Moreover, the characterization results of the core/shell membrane were compared to monolithic electrospun PCL, PVA, and PVA:Gly fibrous membranes. The results showed that the core-shell membrane appears to be a good candidate for GBR application with a nano-scale fiber of 412 ± 82 nm and microscale pore size of 6.803 ± 0.035 μm. Moreover, the wettability of 47.4 ± 2.2° contact angle (C.A) and mechanical properties of 135 ± 3.05 MPa average modulus of elasticity, 4.57 ± 0.04 MPa average ultimate tensile stress (UTS), and 39.43% ± 0.58% average elongation at break are desirable and suitable for GBR application. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results exhibited the formation of β-Gly.

中文翻译：

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用于引导骨再生的核/壳甘氨酸-聚乙烯醇/聚己内酯纳米纤维膜：开发和表征

甘氨酸 (Gly) 是最简单的氨基酸，可诱导炎症反应并增强骨密度，特别是其 β 多晶型物具有优异的机械和压电性能。因此，Gly 与任何聚合物（包括聚乙烯醇 (PVA)）的静电纺丝在生物医学应用中具有巨大的潜力，例如引导骨再生 (GBR) 应用。然而，由于快速降解速率和不良的机械和物理性能，它们的应用受到限制。因此，将 Gly 和 PVA 纤维封装在聚 (ε-己内酯) (PCL) 壳内可降低降解速度并提高机械、化学和物理性能。用于 GBR 应用的膜是一种屏障膜，用于通过防止快速增殖的细胞生长到骨缺损部位来引导牙槽骨再生。在目前的工作中，利用同轴静电纺丝技术开发了一种由 PCL 为壳和 PVA:Gly 为核的核/壳纳米纤维膜，并在形态、机械、物理、化学和热方面进行了表征。此外，核/壳膜的表征结果与单片电纺 PCL、PVA 和 PVA:Gly 纤维膜进行了比较。结果表明，核壳膜似乎是 GBR 应用的良好候选者，其纳米级纤维为 412 ± 82 nm，微米级孔径为 6.803 ± 0.035 μm。此外，47.4±2.2°接触角的润湿性（C. A) 135 ± 3.05 MPa 平均弹性模量、4.57 ± 0.04 MPa 平均极限拉伸应力 (UTS) 和 39.43% ± 0.58% 平均断裂伸长率的机械性能是可取的，适用于 GBR 应用。此外，X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和透射电子显微镜 (TEM) 结果显示了 β-Gly 的形成。