Acquisition of plant viruses is known to exert various effects on vectors’ developmental biology. Pentalonia nigronervosa is the only known vector of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), which is an economically detrimental virus infecting banana cultivars all over the world. In the present study, the developmental biology of viruliferous (Vr) and non-viruliferous (NVr) aphids was compared, with a marked reduction noted in the lifespan of aphids upon acquisition of BBTV. Among all the environmental parameters temperature is an important determinant of an insect’s abundance and geographical distribution. Temperature susceptibility of P. nigronervosa was scrutinized by comparing the mortality percentage and differential expression pattern of three heat shock proteins (Hsps; Hsp40, Hsp70, and Hsp90) at the mRNA level between NVr and Vr aphids. After exposure to different temperature stress (5 °C, 15 °C, 38 °C and 25 °C as control) highest mortality of Vr aphids were recorded at 5 °C. Analysis of expression levels of Hsp genes using qPCR showed that both cold and heat shock treatment stimulated higher expression of the three Hsps at various rates in Vr than NVr aphids.. Finally, the effect of temperature stress on the BBTV titer level and their transmission by P.nigronervosa was determined by absolute quantification. The transmission efficiency along with the virus titer was found to be the lowest at 15 °C compared to 38 °C. Overall, our results provide a novel insight into the intricate interaction between aphid fitness and thermal stress concerning the acquisition and transmission of BBTV, which could be a roadmap for the future epidemiological control system.

中文翻译：

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香蕉束顶病毒对Pentalonia nigronervosa 温度敏感性热激蛋白基因的影响及其对病毒传播的影响

已知获得植物病毒会对载体的发育生物学产生各种影响。Pentalonia nigronervosa是香蕉束顶病毒 (BBTV) 的唯一已知载体，BBTV 是一种经济上有害的病毒，可感染世界各地的香蕉栽培品种。在本研究中，对有毒 (Vr) 和无毒 (NVr) 蚜虫的发育生物学进行了比较，发现 BBTV 后蚜虫的寿命显着缩短。在所有环境参数中，温度是昆虫数量和地理分布的重要决定因素。P. nigronervosa 的温度敏感性通过比较 NVr 和 Vr 蚜虫在 mRNA 水平上的三种热休克蛋白（Hsps；Hsp40、Hsp70 和 Hsp90）的死亡率百分比和差异表达模式来仔细检查。在暴露于不同温度胁迫（5°C、15°C、38°C 和 25°C 作为对照）后，Vr 蚜虫的最高死亡率记录在 5°C。使用 qPCR 分析 Hsp 基因的表达水平表明，冷和热休克处理在 Vr 中以不同的速率刺激了三种 Hsps 的更高表达。最后，温度胁迫对 BBTV 滴度水平的影响及其通过黑松由绝对定量确定。发现与 38°C 相比，15°C 的传播效率和病毒滴度最低。总体而言，我们的结果为蚜虫健康与热应激之间关于 BBTV 的获取和传播的复杂相互作用提供了新的见解，这可能是未来流行病学控制系统的路线图。