Background Antibiotic consumption has been reported to be driven by the treatment of respiratory tract infections. Our objectives were to describe the trend of antibiotic consumption in France compared with that of other European countries; to describe the evolution of each antibiotic class in France; and to explore the relationship between antibiotic consumption and incidence of influenza-like illnesses. Methods In this observational study, antibiotic consumption was reported as defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day in the community and hospital sectors in descriptive and graphical formats, using data from the European Surveillance of Antimicrobial Consumption Network database. The total consumption and the consumption of different classes of antibiotics in France according to time and influenza-like illnesses were studied using multiple linear regression models. Results The total consumption of antibiotics in France was constant over the 15 years. It was driven by the community sector (92.8%) and was higher than the consumption of other European Union countries (P-value < 0.001). The beta-lactam penicillins were the most consumed antibiotic class and the only class that increased with time. The multiple linear regression models showed a positive correlation between antibiotic consumption in the community sector and incidence of influenza-like illnesses [B = 0.170, 95% CI (0.088–0.252)]. Similar significant results were shown between other antibiotic classes used in the management of influenza-like illnesses (other beta-lactams, and macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins) and influenza-like illnesses. Conclusion Our results suggest that antibiotics used in the management of respiratory tract infections might be involved in the irrational use of antibiotics.

中文翻译：

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2004 年至 2018 年法国抗生素消费趋势及其与流感样疾病的关系

背景 据报道，抗生素的消耗是由呼吸道感染的治疗驱动的。我们的目标是描述法国与其他欧洲国家相比的抗生素消费趋势；描述法国每个抗生素类别的演变；并探讨抗生素消耗与流感样疾病发病率之间的关系。方法 在这项观察性研究中，使用来自欧洲抗菌素消费监测网络数据库的数据，以描述性和图形格式报告了社区和医院部门中每 1000 名居民每天的定义每日剂量。使用多元线性回归模型研究了法国根据时间和流感样疾病的总消费量和不同类别抗生素的消费量。结果 15 年来，法国的抗生素总消费量保持不变。它由社区部门驱动（92.8%），高于其他欧盟国家的消费（P 值 < 0.001）。β-内酰胺青霉素是消耗最多的抗生素类，也是唯一随时间增加的类。多元线性回归模型显示社区部门的抗生素消费与流感样疾病的发病率呈正相关[B = 0.170, 95% CI (0.088–0.252)]。用于治疗流感样疾病（其他β-内酰胺类、大环内酯类、林可酰胺类和链霉素）和流感样疾病的其他抗生素类别也显示出类似的显着结果。结论 我们的研究结果表明，用于治疗呼吸道感染的抗生素可能与抗生素的不合理使用有关。