Neutrophils, the most abundant of all leucocytes and the first cells to arrive at the sites of sterile inflammation/injury act as a double-edged sword. On one hand, they inflict a significant collateral damage to the tissues and on the other hand, they help facilitate wound healing by a number of mechanisms. Recent studies have drastically changed the perception of neutrophils from being simple one-dimensional cells with an unrestrained mode of action to a cell type that display maturity and complex behaviour. It is now recognized that neutrophils are transcriptionally active and respond to plethora of signals by deploying a wide variety of cargo to influence the activity of other cells in the vicinity. Neutrophils can regulate macrophage behaviour, display innate immune memory, and play a major role in the resolution of inflammation in a context-dependent manner. In this review, we provide an update on the factors that regulate neutrophil production and the emerging dichotomous role of neutrophils in the context of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in atherosclerosis and the ensuing complications, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Deciphering the complex behaviour of neutrophils during inflammation and resolution may provide novel insights and in turn facilitate the development of potential therapeutic strategies to manage cardiovascular disease.

中文翻译：

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心血管疾病中的中性粒细胞：战争贩子、和平缔造者，还是两者兼而有之？

中性粒细胞是所有白细胞中最丰富的，也是最先到达无菌炎症/损伤部位的细胞，它是一把双刃剑。一方面，它们对组织造成严重的附带损伤，另一方面，它们通过多种机制帮助促进伤口愈合。最近的研究极大地改变了中性粒细胞的认知，从具有不受限制的作用模式的简单一维细胞转变为表现出成熟和复杂行为的细胞类型。现在人们认识到，中性粒细胞具有转录活性，并通过部署多种货物来影响附近其他细胞的活动，从而对过多的信号做出反应。中性粒细胞可以调节巨噬细胞的行为，显示先天免疫记忆，并以依赖于环境的方式在炎症的解决中发挥重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们提供了有关调节中性粒细胞产生的因素以及中性粒细胞在心血管疾病中新兴的二分作用的最新信息，特别是在动脉粥样硬化及其随之而来的并发症、心肌梗死和心力衰竭中。破译中性粒细胞在炎症和消退过程中的复杂行为可能会提供新的见解，进而促进控制心血管疾病的潜在治疗策略的开发。心肌梗塞和心力衰竭。破译中性粒细胞在炎症和消退过程中的复杂行为可能会提供新的见解，进而促进控制心血管疾病的潜在治疗策略的开发。心肌梗塞和心力衰竭。破译中性粒细胞在炎症和消退过程中的复杂行为可能会提供新的见解，进而促进控制心血管疾病的潜在治疗策略的开发。