The sediment deposited by debris flows in rivers is a common cause of mountain disasters. The deposition characteristics of debris flows are strongly affected by the entrainment during the transportation process and the water depth in the river channel, but how is poorly understood. Here, the effects of the released flow volume, flow density, bed sediment and water depth on the deposition process of debris flows are investigated for a total of 22 different tests. Detailed topographic surveys of deposit lobes are conducted using a 3D laser scanner with high precision. The slopes of lobes are largely determined by the flow density and bed-sediment composition. However, the effect of released flow volume on the lobe slope is relatively limited. The lobe areas projected onto the horizontal plane display dumbbell or trapezoidal shapes depending on deposit volume, and the cross sections along the lateral flume present a Gaussian distribution for flows after bed-sediment entrainment. The lobe area is reduced and lobe height is enhanced with an increase of water depth, contributing to a steeper deposit. Partial, submersed or complete blockages occur, depending on the debris-flow volume and water depth. This study improves understanding of the deposition features and may aid future hazard assessments of debris flows.

河流泥石流沉积的泥沙是造成山地灾害的常见原因。泥石流的沉积特征受运移过程中的夹带和河道水深的影响很大，但对泥石流的沉积特征知之甚少。在这里，共进行了 22 次不同的试验，研究了释放的流量、流量密度、床层沉积物和水深对泥石流沉积过程的影响。使用高精度 3D 激光扫描仪对矿床叶进行详细的地形调查。波瓣的斜率主要由流动密度和床沉积物组成决定。然而，释放流量对波瓣斜率的影响相对有限。投影到水平面上的叶片区域根据沉积物体积显示哑铃形或梯形形状，并且沿侧向水槽的横截面呈现出床沉积物夹带后流动的高斯分布。随着水深的增加，波瓣面积减少，波瓣高度增加，导致沉积物更陡峭。根据泥石流体积和水深，会发生部分堵塞、淹没堵塞或完全堵塞。这项研究提高了对沉积特征的理解，并可能有助于未来泥石流的危险评估。根据泥石流体积和水深，会发生淹没或完全堵塞。这项研究提高了对沉积特征的理解，并可能有助于未来泥石流的危险评估。根据泥石流体积和水深，会发生淹没或完全堵塞。这项研究提高了对沉积特征的理解，并可能有助于未来泥石流的危险评估。