It is of great practical significance to explore the impact of trade on energy efficiency convergence for improving the overall energy efficiency, narrowing the energy efficiency gap and promoting the construction of a green Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Given the large difference in economic development and resource endowment among BRI countries, this paper empirically explores the impact of import and export trade of BRI countries on the convergence of total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE), and the threshold effect with different level of economic development and industrial structure, based on the panel data of 60 BRI countries and the panel threshold model. The results indicate that the import and export trades of BRI countries have not significantly accelerated the convergence process of their overall TFEE. However, the trade of BRI countries exerts a non-linear threshold effect on the TFEE convergence. Specifically, the trade of BRI countries with GDP per capita level over 48436 USD is conducive to accelerating the TFEE convergence, but this impact is not significant in those countries with lower levels of economic development. The trade accelerates the TFEE convergence of BRI countries with industrial share over 71.74%, while the impact is not significant in those countries with relatively lower industrial shares.

探索贸易对能效融合的影响，对于提高整体能效、缩小能效差距、推进绿色“一带一路”建设具有重要现实意义。鉴于“一带一路”沿线国家经济发展水平和资源禀赋差异较大，本文实证探讨了“一带一路”沿线国家进出口贸易对全要素能源效率（TFEE）收敛的影响，以及不同经济水平下的门槛效应。发展与产业结构，基于“一带一路”沿线60国面板数据和面板门槛模型。结果表明，“一带一路”沿线国家的进出口贸易并未明显加快其整体TFEE的收敛进程。然而，BRI 国家的贸易对 TFEE 收敛产生非线性阈值效应。具体而言，人均GDP超过48436美元的“一带一路”沿线国家贸易有利于加速TFEE收敛，但在经济发展水平较低的国家，这种影响并不显着。贸易加速了工业份额超过71.74%的“一带一路”沿线国家的TFEE收敛，而对工业份额相对较低的国家影响不大。