Salinity is one of the major causes of abiotic stress that leads to a reduction in crop yield. One strategy to alleviate and improve crop yield is to use halophytes. These types of plants naturally produce bioactive secondary metabolites, proteins, carbohydrates, and biopolymers that are involved in specialized physiological adaptation mechanisms to alleviate soil salinity. These traits could be leveraged and, in turn, be the focus of future breeding programs aimed to improve salinity resistance in traditional crops. Recently, the field of nanotechnology has gained the attention of researchers involved in agricultural science and associated disciplines. However, information on salinity tolerance mechanisms of halophytes, based on nanoparticles in agricultural crop plants, is limited. Recently, the use of selected halophytic-based nanoparticles has shown to improve crop performance by enhancing the plants’ ion flux, improving water efficiency, root hydraulic movement in the favor of plant photosynthesis, the production of proteins involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, and hormonal signaling pathways under stress. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the application of halophytic nanoparticles in alleviating salt stress in plants by understanding the mechanisms of plant growth, water relation, ion flux, photosynthesis, and the antioxidant defense system. This review also addresses uncertainties, ecotoxicological concerns, and associated drawbacks of nanoparticles on the environment. Future research perspectives with respect to the sustainable usage of nanoparticles in saline agriculture have also been presented.

盐度是导致作物产量下降的非生物胁迫的主要原因之一。减轻和提高作物产量的一种策略是使用盐生植物。这些类型的植物自然产生具有生物活性的次级代谢产物、蛋白质、碳水化合物和生物聚合物，它们参与专门的生理适应机制以减轻土壤盐分。可以利用这些特性，进而成为旨在提高传统作物耐盐性的未来育种计划的重点。最近，纳米技术领域引起了农业科学及相关学科研究人员的关注。然而，基于农作物纳米粒子的盐生植物耐盐机制的信息是有限的。最近，使用选定的基于盐生植物的纳米颗粒已显示可通过增强植物的离子通量、提高水效率、有利于植物光合作用的根部水力运动、参与氧化还原反应的蛋白质的产生、活性氧物质来改善作物性能(ROS) 解毒和压力下的激素信号通路。因此，本综述的目的是通过了解植物生长、水分关系、离子通量、光合作用和抗氧化防御系统的机制，突出耐盐纳米粒子在减轻植物盐胁迫方面的应用。本综述还讨论了不确定性、生态毒理学问题以及纳米粒子对环境的相关缺点。