Micro- and nano-sized particles of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were used as model (reference) particles to study the biological effects of plastic pollution. Since the PTFE molecule contains fluorine, considered as an “atomic marker” sharply distinguishing it from other common plastics, micro- and nano-particles of PTFE have a specific crystalline structure and are, therefore, well identified by the methods of polarized light microscopy (POL), Raman microspectroscopy (micro-Raman), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Examples of PTFE particles detection in hemolimph of the cockroach Blatella germanica, in hemolimph of the larva and in faecal pellets of imago of a fly Lucilia sp., in the stomach and hingat of brine shrimp Artemia salina, and in association with cell wall of green unicellular alga Chlorococcus sp. are provided. The presented results strongly suggest that PTFE particles can be detected and identified in the biological medium using the method of “atomic markers”, polarization microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.

聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE) 的微米级和纳米级颗粒被用作模型（参考）颗粒，以研究塑料污染的生物效应。由于聚四氟乙烯分子中含有氟，氟被认为是一种“原子标记”，可将其与其他普通塑料明显区分开来，因此聚四氟乙烯的微米和纳米颗粒具有特定的晶体结构，因此可以通过偏光显微镜的方法很好地识别（ POL）、显微拉曼光谱（micro-Raman）和能量色散光谱（EDS）。在德国小蠊的血淋巴、幼虫的血淋巴和苍蝇Lucilia sp.成虫的粪便颗粒、丰年虾的胃和 hingat 中检测到 PTFE 颗粒的示例，并与绿色单细胞藻类Chlorococcus sp.的细胞壁相关。提供。所呈现的结果强烈表明，可以使用“原子标记”、偏振显微镜和拉曼光谱法在生物介质中检测和识别 PTFE 颗粒。